Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Predictors of immune reconstitution syndrome in organ transplant recipients with cryptococcosis: implications for the management of immunosuppression.
Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2024Guideline
- Immunosuppressants in Liver Transplant Recipients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Capability or Catastrophe?-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Therapeutic Failure in Invasive Fungal Infections: Beyond Antifungal Resistance-A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Different Antifungal Regimen Combinations in Non-HIV and Non-transplant Cryptococcal Meningitis Patients with High Cryptococcal Count.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment Beyond HIV: Recognizing the Need for Individualized Immune-Based Strategies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- InFuture microbiology · 2025Article
- Advocating for the recognition of underlying immunosuppression in critical illness.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- High Mortality and Associated Risk Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Cryptococcosis-A Nationwide Cohort Study Over a Decade Using USRDS Data.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS): Case series and review of the literature.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Meningeal cryptococcosis in a pancreas transplant recipient requiring grafectomy: A case report.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2024Article
- Cryptococcosis in kidney transplant recipients: Current understanding and practices.World journal of nephrology · 2023Review
- Failure of Early Mycological Clearance in HIV-Negative Cryptococcal Meningitis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Treatment recommendations for non-HIV associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis including management of post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis: Cross-talk between pathogen and host.Mycoses · 2021Observational
- Cryptococcal pericarditis in a heart transplant recipient.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2020Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected patients at an inner-city tertiary care hospital in the Bronx.Medical mycology · 2020Article
- A Multicenter, Longitudinal Cohort Study of Cryptococcosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative People in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Corticosteroids for Posttransplant Immune Reconstitution Syndrome inOpen forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRisk factors including how changes in immunosuppression influence the occurrence of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with cryptococcosis have not been fully defined.
methodsSOT recipients with cryptococcosis were identified and followed for 12 months. IRS was defined based on previously proposed criteria.
resultsOf 89 SOT recipients, 13 (14%) developed IRS. Central nervous system (CNS) disease (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.23; P = .03) and discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitor (AOR, 5.11; P = .02) were independently associated with IRS. Only 2.6% (1/13) of the patients without these risk factors developed IRS compared with 18.8% (6/32) with 1 risk factor, and 50% (6/12) with both risk factors (χ(2) for trend, P = .0001). Among patients with CNS disease, those with neuroimaging abnormalities (P = .03) were more likely to develop IRS, irrespective of serum or CSF cryptococcal antigen titers and fungemia. Graft rejection after cryptococcosis was observed in 15.4% (2/13) of the patients with IRS compared with 2.6% (2/76) of those without IRS (P = .07).
conclusionsWe determined variables that pose a risk for IRS and have shown that discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitors was independently associated with 5-fold increased risk of IRS in transplant recipients with cryptococcosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.