Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25209137›Full record

ArticleCurrent treatment options in gastroenterology2014

Proton pump inhibitors and risk of bone fractures.

Grigorios I Leontiadis, Paul Moayyedi

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Current treatment options in gastroenterology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of hip fracture: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The association between proton pump inhibitors and hyperparathyroidism: a potential mechanism for increased fracture-results of a large observational cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023
    Observational
  6. Article
  7. Review
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  9. Proton pump inhibitors and fracture risk. The HUNT study, Norway.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020
    Article
  10. Proton pump inhibitor intake negatively affects the osseointegration of dental implants: a retrospective study.Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2019
    Article
  11. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Fracture Risk: A Review of Current Evidence and Mechanisms Involved.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Proton-pump inhibitors: understanding the complications and risks.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2017
    Review
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  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Grigorios I LeontiadisDivision of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Health Sciences Center, area 3V3, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada, leontia@mcmaster.ca.
Paul Moayyedi

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

opinion statementThere are 34 studies in almost 2 million participants that have reported on the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and risk of fracture. There is substantial variation between the results of each study but systematic reviews of the data suggest overall there is an association between PPI therapy and risk of fracture. The magnitude of the association is modest and is most likely due to confounding factors as patients prescribed PPI therapy tend to be more frail with more risk factors for fractures than those not given these drugs. There is no clear dose-response relationship and there is no association between PPI therapy and risk of fracture in those at highest risk. Finally, there is no clear mechanism through which PPI therapy increases the risk of fracture, as recent randomized trials show no impact of PPI therapy on calcium absorption and there is no association between PPI therapy and risk of osteoporosis. We therefore feel there is insufficient evidence to change PPI prescribing habits based on risk of fracture. Similarly, we do not recommend bone mineral density investigations for patients taking PPI therapy other than would be normally indicated. There is no evidence to support prescription of calcium and/or vitamin D in patients simply because they are taking PPI therapy. As with all medications, we only recommend prescribing PPI therapy when there is a clear indication that benefit will outweigh risk and at the lowest effective dose. Patients should be regularly assessed as to whether acid suppression is still required.

Identifiers

PMID25209137

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.