ArticlePharmaceutical research2015
Stimulation and suppression of innate immune function by American ginseng polysaccharides: biological relevance and identification of bioactives.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Panacis Quinquefolii Radix Polysaccharides Alleviate Depressive-Like Behaviors in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Mice by Suppressing Complement C1Q/C3-Mediated Microglial Synaptic Pruning and Modulating Gut Microbiota.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Activities of Emerging Rare Ginsenosides F1, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1, and Rg2: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Polysaccharides with Arabinose: Key Players in Reducing Chronic Inflammation and Enhancing Immune Health in Aging.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Radix Panacis quinquefolii Extract Ameliorates Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Inhibiting Inflammation.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Cancer Properties of Ginseng: A Pharmacological Update.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Research Progress on Extraction, Isolation, Structural Analysis and Biological Activity of Polysaccharides from Panax Genus.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immune-Enhancing Effect of Heat-Treated Levilactobacillus brevis KU15159 in RAW 264.7 Cells.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Article
- Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity using herbal medicine: benefits for the COVID-19 vaccination.Acupuncture and herbal medicine · 2022Review
- A comprehensive quality analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials of Asian ginseng and American ginseng based on the CONSORT guideline.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- An acidic polysaccharide (AGC3) isolated from North American ginseng (Current research in food science · 2020Article
- Functional mechanism of Ginsenosides on tumor growth and metastasis.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2018Article
- Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging.Aging and disease · 2017Review
- The protective role of nitric oxide-dependent innate immunosuppression in the early stage of cartilage damage in rats: Role of nitric oxide in cartilage damage.Bone & joint research · 2017Article
- North American ginseng influences adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk regulation of inflammatory gene expression.Journal of ginseng research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPolysaccharides constituting about 10% by weight of ginseng root are known to stimulate the immune system but have recently been shown to also suppress induced proinflammatory responses. Our study aims to determine whether American ginseng root polysaccharides (AGRPS) stimulates basal innate immune function and at the same time can suppress response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced proinflammatory response. An in vitro mechanistic study was used to identify the bioactive fraction(s) responsible for AGRPS immunomodulatory effects.
methodsThe ex vivo and in vivo immunomodulatory effects after oral administration of AGRPS extract was studied in adult rats by measuring cultured alveolar macrophage production of NO and changes of plasma cytokine level, modification of LPS proinflammatory immune response by AGRPS extract was also examined. To identify the bioactive fraction(s) responsible for AGRPS extract immunomodulatory effects, the immunobioactivities of the extract fractions (isolated by ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography) was investigated in an in vitro mechanistic study.
resultsCulture of alveolar macrophages obtained from AGRPS extract treated rats resulted in an increase of ex vivo production of NO and also reduced alveolar macrophage responsiveness to ex vivo LPS challenge. Oral treatment with AGRPS extract elevated plasma TNF-α concentration in vivo. This treatment also suppressed LPS induced elevation of plasma TNF-α in vivo. AGRPS extract immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects were mediated primarily by acid PS and its species with molecular weights ≥ 100 kDa and 50-100 kDa.
conclusionAGRPS extract exerted immunostimulation and suppressed LPS immune response under basal and LPS induced proinflammatory conditions respectively.
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