ReviewNeurocritical care2014
Clinical monitoring scales in acute brain injury: assessment of coma, pain, agitation, and delirium.
Review in Neurocritical care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03201263 (PRessure suppOrT vEntilation + Sigh in aCuTe hypoxemIc respiratOry Failure patieNts), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PRessure suppOrT vEntilation + Sigh in aCuTe hypoxemIc respiratOry Failure patieNts (PROTECTION): a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous megadose sodium ascorbate normalises elevations in intracranial pressure and restores pressor responsiveness to norepinephrine in ovine Gram-negative sepsis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The relevance of including delirium in the assessment of sepsis-associated neurological disorders that cause changes in consciousness or confusion.Critical care science · 2025Article
- Identification of sepsis-associated encephalopathy biomarkers through machine learning and bioinformatics approaches.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Early Shared Decision-Making for Older Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury: Using Time-Limited Trials and Understanding Their Limitations.Neurocritical care · 2023Article
- A One-Day Prospective National Observational Study on Sedation-Analgesia of Patients with Brain Injury in French Intensive Care Units: The SEDA-BIP-ICU (Sedation-Analgesia in Brain Injury Patient in ICU) Study.Neurocritical care · 2022Observational
- An Automated Electronic Screening Tool (DETECT) for the Detection of Potentially Irreversible Loss of Brain Function.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2021Article
- Association between physical restraint requirement and unfavorable neurologic outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Journal of intensive care · 2021Article
- Consensus Statement on Analgo-sedation in Neurocritical Care and Review of Literature.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2021Article
- Mechanical Ventilation, Sedation and Neuromonitoring of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Germany: Results of a Nationwide Survey.Neurocritical care · 2021Article
- Agitation, confusion, and aggression in critically ill traumatic brain injury-a pilot cohort study (ACACIA-PILOT).Pilot and feasibility studies · 2020Article
- Automated pupillometry and the FOUR score - what is the diagnostic benefit in neurointensive care?Acta neurochirurgica · 2020Article
- Septic-Associated Encephalopathy: a Comprehensive Review.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Fluctuations of consciousness after stroke: Associations with the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) and potential undetected delirium.Journal of critical care · 2020Article
- Septic Encephalopathy.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2018Review
- Duration of Agitation, Fluctuations of Consciousness, and Associations with Outcome in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2018Observational
- Effect of team training on efficiency of trauma care in a Chinese hospital.The Journal of international medical research · 2018Article
- Emergency Neurological Life Support: Airway, Ventilation, and Sedation.Neurocritical care · 2017Article
- Agitation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Frequent Omen of Hospital Complications Associated with Worse Outcomes.Neurocritical care · 2017Observational
- Bedside quantitative electroencephalography improves assessment of consciousness in comatose subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.Annals of neurology · 2016Article
- Optimizing sedation in patients with acute brain injury.Critical care (London, England) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Serial clinical examination represents the most fundamental and basic form of neurological monitoring, and is often the first and only form of such monitoring in patients. Even in patients subjected to physiological monitoring using a range of technologies, the clinical examination remains an essential tool to follow neurological progress. Key aspects of the clinical examination have now been systematized into scoring schemes, and address consciousness, pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD). The Glasgow Coma Scale has been the traditional tool to measure consciousness, but the full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) score has recently been validated in a variety of settings, and at present, both represent clinically useful tools. Assessment of PAD in neurologically compromised patients present special challenges. For pain, the Numeric Rating Scale is the preferred initial approach, with either the Behavioral Pain Scale or the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in subjects who are not able to respond. The Nociception Coma Scale-Revised may be useful in patients with severe disorders of consciousness. Conventional sedation scoring tools for critical care, such as the Richmond Area Sedation Scale (RASS) and Sedation-Agitation Scale (SAS) may provide reasonable tools in some neurocritical care patients. The use of sedative drugs and neuromuscular blockers may invalidate the use of some clinical examination tools in others. The use of sedation interruption to assess neurological status can result in physiological derangement in unstable patients (such as those with uncontrolled intracranial hypertension), and is not recommended.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.