ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2014
Depression and anxiety symptoms moderate the relation between negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies and nicotine dependence.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of 6-Week Use of Reduced-Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With and Without Elevated Depressive Symptoms.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- The relationship between nicotine craving and state anxiety in daily and non-daily nicotine users.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Mental health matters? An examination of how anxiety and depression influence the alcohol-e-cigarette use relationship.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- The influence of stress and social defeat on neurobiological reinforcement mechanisms across reward to withdrawal in nicotine addiction.Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Influence of Perimenstrual Daily Ovarian Hormones on Anxiety and Cigarette Craving.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Vigilance in Terms of Abstinence Expectancies for Smoking and Severity of Problems When Quitting.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Neural and Psychosocial Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Use and Pain Interactions: Overview of Current Evidence and Future Directions.Current addiction reports · 2023Article
- Interactive effects of financial strain and distress tolerance on prequit tobacco withdrawal symptoms in smokers preparing to initiate a quit attempt.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Associations of clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic characteristics with nicotine dependence in smokers.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Neuropeptide and cytokine regulation of pain in the context of substance use disorders.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: A reevaluation of the psychometric properties across two independent samples of smokers.Psychological assessment · 2018Article
- The Theory of Planned Behavior and E-cig Use: Impulsive Personality, E-cig Attitudes, and E-cig Use.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2018Article
- Smoking-induced affect modulation in nonwithdrawn smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and in those with no psychiatric disorder.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2017Article
- Gender, Ethnicity, and Their Intersectionality in the Prediction of Smoking Outcome Expectancies in Regular Cigarette Smokers.Behavior modification · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSmoking reinforcement expectancies-expectations that smoking modulates mood-can be powerful motivators to smoke, resulting in increased nicotine dependence. The impact of smoking reinforcement expectancies on nicotine dependence may be particularly strong in individuals with increased mood or anxiety symptoms because they may be more likely to act on expectancies with smoking behavior in order to offset their affective symptoms. This study examined levels of emotional symptom dimensions as moderators of the relation between positive and negative smoking reinforcement expectancies and nicotine dependence severity in a community sample.
methodIn a cross-sectional design, 317 daily cigarette smokers (215 men) completed self-report measures of smoking reinforcement expectancies, mood and anxiety symptoms, and nicotine dependence.
resultsIncreasing levels of negative affect and anxiety symptoms strengthened associations between negative reinforcement smoking expectancies and nicotine dependence severity (moderation effects; (βs > .13; ps < .03) but did not moderate relations between positive reinforcement expectancies and dependence. Anhedonia did not moderate relations involving either positive or negative reinforcement smoking expectancies.
conclusionsDistinct components of anxiety and depressive symptoms interact differently with smoking reinforcement expectancies. Emotional symptoms characterized by excesses in aversive (but not deficits in appetitive) functioning may amplify tendencies to compulsively act on negative reinforcement expectancies by smoking. Cessation treatments that target negative reinforcement expectancies may be particularly salient for emotionally distressed smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.