ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2014
Inorganic materials as supports for covalent enzyme immobilization: methods and mechanisms.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 461 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unveiling the Physicochemical Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Solid Carriers for Laccase Immobilization Toward Different Reducing Substrates.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Magnetic Poly(VPA-co-EGDMA)-TiOPolymers · 2026Article
- Covalent Immobilization of Pectinase on Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Improved Catalytic Stability and Its Application in Grape Juice Clarification.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Going full circle: dynamic covalent enzyme immobilisationChemical science · 2026Article
- Electrochemical Detection of Organophosphates Using Dual-Modal Enzyme-Based Biosensors.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Green COScientific reports · 2025Article
- PH20-modified exosomes loaded curcumin inhibit desmoplastic breast cancer by breaking extracellular matrix barrier and normalizing cancer-associated fibroblasts.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional COF with "the" Topology as Enzyme Host: Comparative Insights into Activity, Stability, and Reusability in Surface versus Pore Immobilization Strategies.ACS materials Au · 2025Article
- Covalent Immobilization of Different Enzymes on Hydroxyapatite, an Alternative Green Support.ACS omega · 2025Article
- An Organic Solvent-Tolerant α-L-Rhamnosidase fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biomedical and environmental applications via nanobiocatalysts and enzyme immobilization.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Flow Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Intermediate Catalyzed by Immobilized DERA: Comparison of Different Immobilization Techniques and Reactor Designs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Insight on the biomimetic of lysozyme interaction with functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Article
- Harnessing Lignin Nanoparticles for Sustainable Enzyme Immobilization: Current Paradigms and Future Innovations.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Recombinant Esterase (BaCEApplied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Preparation and Biochemical Characterization ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Recent advances in phytase thermostability engineering towards potential application in the food and feed sectors.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Nanomaterial scaffolds for enzymatic polymer degradation: a tool to advance current biodegradation assessments of polymers in liquid formulation.Bioscience nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Biochemical properties of immobilized horseradish peroxidase on ceramic and its application in removal of azo dye.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several inorganic materials are potentially suitable for enzymatic covalent immobilization, by means of several different techniques. Such materials must meet stringent criteria to be suitable as solid matrices: complete insolubility in water, reasonable mechanical strength and chemical resistance under the operational conditions, the capability to form manageable particles with high surface area, reactivity towards derivatizing/functionalizing agents. Non-specific protein adsorption should be always considered when planning covalent immobilization on inorganic solids. A huge mass of experimental work has shown that silica, silicates, borosilicates and aluminosilicates, alumina, titania, and other oxides, are the materials of choice when attempting enzyme immobilizations on inorganic supports. More recently, some forms of elemental carbon, silicon, and certain metals have been also proposed for certain applications. With regard to the derivatization/functionalization techniques, the use of organosilanes through silanization is undoubtedly the most studied and the most applied, although inorganic bridge formation and acylation with selected acyl halides have been deeply studied. In the present article, the most common inorganic supports for covalent immobilization of the enzymes are reviewed, with particular focus on their advantages and disadvantages in terms of enzyme loadings, operational stability, undesired adsorption, and costs. Mechanisms and methods for covalent immobilization are also discussed, focusing on the most widespread activating approaches (such as glutaraldehyde, cyanogen bromide, divinylsulfone, carbodiimides, carbonyldiimidazole, sulfonyl chlorides, chlorocarbonates, N-hydroxysuccinimides).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.