ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2015
Salivary markers of inflammation in response to acute stress.
Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of acute stress on salivary markers of inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Pooled it
- Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- The effects of acute psychological stress on circulating and stimulated inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2017Pooled it
- Neurobiological and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing Technique Based on Neofunctional Psychotherapy: A Pilot RCT.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Baseline anxiety-sensitivity to estradiol fluctuations predicts anxiety symptom response to transdermal estradiol treatment in perimenopausal women - A randomized clinical trial.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Trial
- Oxytocin, cortisol, and cognitive control during acute and naturalistic stress.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Trial
- The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Remitted depression and cognition in HIV: The role of cortisol and inflammation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2020Trial
- A Large Randomized Trial: Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Breast Cancer (BC) Survivors on Salivary Cortisol and IL-6.Biological research for nursing · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- An Integrated Multi-Biomarker Perspective on Acute Exercise: Differential Orexin, Alpha-Amylase, and Cortisol Responses Across Modalities.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Stress Response During Pregnancy as a Connecting Link in Intergenerational Risk Cascades.Developmental psychobiology · 2026Article
- Do psychophysiological responses to competitive anxiety predict competition outcomes? A pilot study in elite female karate athletes.JSAMS plus · 2026Article
- Neural signatures of human psychological resilience driven by acute stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Coordination of inflammatory and adrenocortical stress response during pregnancy and variation by mental health.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory gene expression is associated with prospective risk for adolescent suicidal thoughts and behaviors over twelve months.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Culturally targeted messaging and racial equity in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing by multiplex salivary measurement: Protocol overview of a SeroNet investigation.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is burgeoning interest in the ability to detect inflammatory markers in response to stress within naturally occurring social contexts and/or across multiple time points per day within individuals. Salivary collection is a less invasive process than current methods of blood collection and enables intensive naturalistic methodologies, such as those involving extensive repeated measures per day over time. Yet the reliability and validity of saliva-based to blood-based inflammatory biomarkers in response to stress remains unclear. We review and synthesize the published studies that have examined salivary markers of inflammation following exposure to an acute laboratory stressor. Results from each study are reviewed by analyte (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, CRP) and stress type (social-cognitive and exercise-physical), after which methodological issues and limitations are addressed. Although the literature is limited, several inflammatory markers (including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) have been reliably determined from saliva and have increased significantly in response to stress across multiple studies, with effect sizes ranging from very small to very large. Although CRP from saliva has been associated with CRP in circulating blood more consistently than other biomarkers have been associated with their counterparts in blood, evidence demonstrating it reliably responds to acute stress is absent. Although the current literature is presently too limited to allow broad assertion that inflammatory biomarkers determined from saliva are valuable for examining acute stress responses, this review suggests that specific targets may be valid and highlights specific areas of need for future research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.