ArticleThe American journal of pathology2014
The membrane attack complex in aging human choriocapillaris: relationship to macular degeneration and choroidal thinning.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 226 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progression to complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA): post hoc analysis of the GATHER1 trial.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Trial
- Deep-learning automated quantification of longitudinal OCT scans demonstrates reduced RPE loss rate, preservation of intact macular area and predictive value of isolated photoreceptor degeneration in geographic atrophy patients receiving C3 inhibition treatment.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Transcriptomic Characterization of Terminal Complement Complex-bound Cells in Human Choroid Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Murine models of neovascular AMD revisited: Mechanistic pathways, immune-metabolic crosstalk, and the impact of aging and sex.Experimental eye research · 2026Review
- Development of a Targeted Choroidal Injury Model for the Study of Retinal Degenerations and Therapeutic Cell Replacement.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Complement C3 Inhibitor Antibody Fragment.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Tissue-resident macrophages maintain choroidal homeostasis by complement dependent and independent mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The aging eye: navigating molecular mechanisms and innovative interventions.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Choroidal changes correlate with type 1 neovascular activity in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Three-dimensional choroidal vessels assessment in age-related macular degeneration: a follow-up study.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Large Hypertransmission Defects Exhibit Choriocapillaris Flow Speed Impairment in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Investigation of pan-immune inflammatory value in patients with age-related macular degeneration.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Molecular Crosstalk in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Integrating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, microRNAs, and Genetic Susceptibility Toward Precision Therapeutics.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- CTx001 for Geographic Atrophy: A Gene Therapy Expressing Soluble, Truncated Complement Receptor 1 (Mini-CR1).Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Association between systemic complement levels and choroidal thickness in advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Systemic and Local Lipids in Nonhuman Primates With Drusen and Age-Related Maculopathies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- How to measure and model cardiovascular aging.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- Association between dietary theobromine and age-related macular degeneration: results from NHANES 2005-2008 and in vitro experiments.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Roadmap for alleviating the manifestations of ageing in the cardiovascular system.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Action of the Terminal Complement Pathway on Cell Membranes.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Review
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common disease that can result in severe visual impairment. Abnormal regulation of the complement system has been implicated in its pathogenesis, and CFH polymorphisms contribute substantially to risk. How these polymorphisms exert their effects is poorly understood. We performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis on young, aged, and AMD choroids to determine the abundance of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and performed immunofluorescence studies on eyes from 117 donors to evaluate the MAC in aging, early AMD, and advanced AMD. Morphometric studies were performed on eyes with high- or low-risk CFH genotypes. ELISA confirmed that MAC increases significantly with aging and with AMD. MAC was localized to Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris and was detectable at low levels as early as 5 years of age. Hard drusen were labeled with anti-MAC antibody, but large or confluent drusen and basal deposits were generally unlabeled. Labeling of retinal pigment epithelium was observed in some cases of advanced AMD, but not in early disease. Eyes homozygous for the high-risk CFH genotype had thinner choroids than low-risk homozygotes (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that increased complement activation in AMD and in high-risk genotypes can lead to loss of endothelial cells in early AMD. Treatments to protect the choriocapillaris in early AMD are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.