Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25204669›Full record

ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2015

Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: a review.

Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 91 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03291743 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2017, after this paper: background citation

The Biologic Onset of Crohn's Disease: A Screening Study in First Degree Relatives

TypeinterventionalSponsorCarilion ClinicRan2017 to 2022Enrolled38ConditionsCrohn Disease, Genetic Predisposition, IBDArmsCapsule endoscopy
NCT03496246 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Vitamin D Status in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAssiut UniversityRan2018 to 2019Enrolled50ConditionsVitamin D Deficiency, Inflammatory Bowel DiseasesArmsserum total 25 hydroxycholecalciferol 25(OH) vitamin D, complete blood count (CBC), serum calcium level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Role of PANoptosis in intestinal diseases and its therapeutic implications.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026
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31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Ashwin N AnanthakrishnanDivision of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital Crohn's and Colitis Center and Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, aananthakrishnan@partners.org.

Funding

Genetic predictors of anti-TNF treatment response and infections in IBDK23DK097142 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ANANTHAKRISHNAN, ASHWIN N · 2012 to 2016
$846k
NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK097142
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic immunologically mediated diseases. The key mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases is a dysregulated immune response to commensal flora in a genetically susceptible host. Thus intestinal microbial dysbiosis, host genetics, and the external environment all play an important role in the development of incident disease and in determining subsequent disease behavior and outcomes. There are several well-defined or putative environmental risk factors including cigarette smoking, appendectomy, diet, stress and depression, vitamin D as well as hormonal influence. The effect of some of the risk factors appears to differ between CD and UC suggesting that despite shared genetic and immunologic mechanisms, distinct pathways of pathogenesis exist. There is a growing body of literature identifying risk factors for incident disease. There is less rigorous literature defining triggers of relapse, and few controlled clinical trials examining if modification of such risk factors results in an improvement in patient outcomes. This is an area of considerable patient, physician, and scientific interest, and there is an important unmet need for rigorous studies of the external environment in disease pathogenesis and subsequent course.

Indexed as

EnvironmentLife StyleAppendectomyColitis, UlcerativeCrohn DiseaseDepressionDietHumansPrognosisRecurrenceRisk FactorsRisk Reduction BehaviorSmokingStress, PsychologicalVitamin DVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID25204669
PMCPMC4304948

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.