ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2014
Neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: roles for immune activation, HIV blipping and viral tropism.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurocognition with maraviroc compared with tenofovir in HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- CXCL9 and CXCL10 Induce Expression of Nociceptive Ion Channels in Primary Sensory Neurons in Models of HIV-Associated Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HIV-induced RSAD2/Viperin supports sustained infection of monocyte-derived macrophages.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammation in the Dorsal Root Ganglia and Dorsal Horn Contributes to Persistence of Nociceptor Sensitization in SIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated Macaques.The American journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Neuro-HIV-New insights into pathogenesis and emerging therapeutic targets.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- An Integrative Approach to the Current Treatment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and the Implementation of Leukemia Inhibitor Factor as a Mediator of Neurocognitive Preservation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- HIV Tat Expression and Cocaine Exposure Lead to Sex- and Age-Specific Changes of the Microbiota Composition in the Gut.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Predictors of an Active Lifestyle in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with HIV in the United States Deep South.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Developments in Neuroprotection for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND).Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Epigenetic Landscape of HIV-1 Infection in Primary Human Macrophage.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Retroviral infection of human neurospheres and use of stem Cell EVs to repair cellular damage.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Perspectives on Non-BLT Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV Pathogenesis and Therapy.Viruses · 2021Review
- Programmed death ligand-1 induction restrains the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against microglia.Glia · 2021Article
- CNS Neurotoxicity of Antiretrovirals.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Review
- Article
- HIV Tat-Mediated Induction of Monocyte Transmigration Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- A review of potential microbiome-gut-brain axis mediated neurocognitive conditions in persons living with HIV.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2020Review
- Neuroinflammation associates with antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 response throughout the brain in persons living with HIV.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Article
- Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe purpose of this study is to discuss why HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite apparently effective HIV suppression by highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). RECENT
findingsAs many as 50% of HIV-infected individuals suffer from HAND despite ART suppression of HIV replication to apparently undetectable levels in most treated individuals. Prior to ART, HIV-associated dementia (HAD), the severest form of HAND, affected nearly 20% of infected individuals; HAD now affects only nearly 2% of ART-treated persons, although less severe HAND forms persist. Recent studies link persistent immune activation, inflammation and viral escape/blipping in ART-treated individuals, as well as comorbid conditions, to HIV disease progression and increased HAND risk. Despite sustained HIV suppression in most ART-treated individuals, indicated by routine plasma monitoring and occasional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monitoring, 'blips' of HIV replication are often detected with more frequent monitoring, thus challenging the concept of viral suppression. Although the causes of HIV blipping are unclear, CSF HIV blipping associates with neuroinflammation and, possibly, central nervous system (CNS) injury. The current theory that macrophage-tropic HIV strains within the CNS predominate in driving HAND and these associated factors is now also challenged. SUMMARY: Protection of the CNS by ART is incomplete, probably due to combined effects of incomplete HIV suppression, persistent immune activation and host comorbidity factors. Adjunctive therapies to ART are necessary for more effective protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.