SynthesisPloS one2014
Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulating S100B blood levels in schizophrenia.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based umbrella review of 162 peripheral biomarkers for major mental disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Serum levels of S100B in patients with chronic schizophrenia during treatment augmentation with sarcosine: results of the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled PULSAR study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- S100B Serum Levels Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Melancholic Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Special Issue: Does latent Toxoplasma infection mimic the immune profile of schizophrenia? Sex-specific cytokine and brain-marker alterations suggest partial overlap.Folia parasitologica · 2026Article
- The role of tight junction proteins in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Diagnostic performance of S100B assay for intracranial hemorrhage detection in patients with mild traumatic brain injury under antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomarkers Unveiling the Interplay of Mind, Nervous System, and Immunity.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- The Role of Neuroglia in the Development and Progression of Schizophrenia.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Neutrophil Elastase, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B Protein as Potential Markers of Long-Term Complications Caused by COVID-19 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Advanced Stage of Diabetic Nephropathy (NfT2DM)-Observational Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- The relationship between inflammatory markers, clinical characteristics, and cognitive performance in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Blood-brain barrier disruption and sustained systemic inflammation in individuals with long COVID-associated cognitive impairment.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Peripheral S100B Protein Levels in Five Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns HMGB1 and S100B in Schizophrenia.Psychiatry investigation · 2022Article
- Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Interferon-β Activity Is Affected by S100B Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effect of citalopram on hippocampal volume in first-episode schizophrenia: Structural MRI results from the DECIFER trial.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2021Article
- Disruption of the blood-brain barrier in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
S100B is a calcium-binding protein secreted in central nervous system from astrocytes and other glia cells. High blood S100B levels have been linked to brain damage and psychiatric disorders. S100B levels have been reported to be higher in schizophrenics than healthy controls. To quantify the relationship between S100B blood levels and schizophrenia a systematic literature review of case-control studies published on this topic within July 3rd 2014 was carried out using three bibliographic databases: Medline, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies reporting mean and standard deviation of S100B blood levels both in cases and controls were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-Mean Ratio (mMR) of S100B blood levels in cases compared to controls was used as a measure of effect along with its 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). 20 studies were included totaling for 994 cases and 785 controls. Schizophrenia patients showed 76% higher S100B blood levels than controls with mMR = 1.76 95% CI: 1.44-2.15. No difference could be found between drug-free patients with mMR = 1.84 95%CI: 1.24-2.74 and patients on antipsychotic medication with mMR = 1.75 95% CI: 1.41-2.16). Similarly, ethnicity and stage of disease didn't affect results. Although S100B could be regarded as a possible biomarker of schizophrenia, limitations should be accounted when interpreting results, especially because of the high heterogeneity that remained >70%, even after carrying out subgroups analyses. These results point out that approaches based on traditional categorical diagnoses may be too restrictive and new approaches based on the characterization of new complex phenotypes should be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.