ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Male tolerance and male-male bonds in a multilevel primate society.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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47 citing papers in PubMed, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Seroprevalence of dengue virus antibodies among multiple species of non-human primates in Senegal suggests that sylvatic dengue virus is maintained in non-primate reservoirs in this region.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
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- Spatiotemporal Patterns of Sleeping Site Use of Guinea Baboon Parties (Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Multi-level societies: different tasks at different social levels.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Increased female competition for males with enhanced foraging skills in Guinea baboons.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of food availability and predator presence on patterns of landscape partitioning among neighbouring Guinea baboon (Papio papio) parties.Movement ecology · 2025Article
- Evidence for socially influenced and potentially actively coordinated cooperation by bumblebees.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Fine-scale collective movements reveal present, past and future dynamics of a multilevel society in Przewalski's horses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Weak, but not strong, ties support coalition formation among wild female chimpanzees.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Yet Another Non-Unique Human Behaviour: Leave-Taking in Wild Chacma Baboons (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Strategic intergroup alliances increase access to a contested resource in male bottlenose dolphins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Characterization ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Male-male social bonding, coalitionary support and reproductive success in wild Guinea baboons.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Coordination during group departures and progressions in the tolerant multi-level society of wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio).Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Social network changes during the development of immature capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.).Primates; journal of primatology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Male relationships in most species of mammals generally are characterized by intense intrasexual competition, with little bonding among unrelated individuals. In contrast, human societies are characterized by high levels of cooperation and strong bonds among both related and unrelated males. The emergence of cooperative male-male relationships has been linked to the multilevel structure of traditional human societies. Based on an analysis of the patterns of spatial and social interaction in combination with genetic relatedness data of wild Guinea baboons (Papio papio), we show that this species exhibits a multilevel social organization in which males maintain strong bonds and are highly tolerant of each other. Several "units" of males with their associated females form "parties," which team up as "gangs." Several gangs of the same "community" use the same home range. Males formed strong bonds predominantly within parties; however, these bonds were not correlated with genetic relatedness. Agonistic interactions were relatively rare and were restricted to a few dyads. Although the social organization of Guinea baboons resembles that of hamadryas baboons, we found stronger male-male affiliation and more elaborate greeting rituals among male Guinea baboons and less aggression toward females. Thus, the social relationships of male Guinea baboons differ markedly from those of other members of the genus, adding valuable comparative data to test hypotheses regarding social evolution. We suggest that this species constitutes an intriguing model to study the predictors and fitness benefits of male bonds, thus contributing to a better understanding of the evolution of this important facet of human social behavior.
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