ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2014
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and its influence on women's health.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise intervention improves fertility outcomes in females and males: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological factors in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Menstrual cycles during COVID-19 lockdowns: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of infertility in American Indian/Alaska Natives and other racial/ethnic groups: National Survey of Family Growth.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- Injectable contraceptives differentially affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and amenorrhea incidence†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Trial
- Trial
- An Overarching Conceptual Framework for Menstrual Health in Sport Research: Theory, Causality and Validation.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Differences in female athlete triad risk factors between Japanese and American female runners: A comparative study.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- Bone mineral density in women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea compared to eumenorrheic controls and recently menopausal women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Pharmacological vs. Non-Pharmacological Treatment in the Management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Weight loss induced bone loss: mechanism of action and clinical implications.Bone research · 2025Review
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) in women with normal body mass index (BMI): metabolic and hormonal profiles.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations in Underweight and Normal-Weight Women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in adolescent athletes impairs bone accrual and increases fracture risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Chorio-retinal vessel density in women affected by functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a monocentric observational cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of hypoestrogenism on chorio-retinal vascularization.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Observational
- Menstrual Dysfunction in Adolescent Female Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Dietary and Lifestyle Management of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Comparison of salivary cortisol levels between women with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and healthy women: a pilot study.Endocrine · 2023Article
- Low risk of some common cancers in women with anorexia nervosa: Evidence from a national record-linkage study.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Low-Dose Estrogens as Neuroendocrine Modulators in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea (FHA): The Putative Triggering of the Positive Feedback Mechanism(s).Biomedicines · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFunctional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea. There are three types of FHA: weight loss-related, stress-related, and exercise-related amenorrhea. FHA results from the aberrations in pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, which in turn causes impairment of the gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone). The final consequences are complex hormonal changes manifested by profound hypoestrogenism. Additionally, these patients present mild hypercortisolemia, low serum insulin levels, low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and low total triiodothyronine.
aimThe aim of this work is to review the available data concerning the effects of FHA on different aspects of women's health.
resultsFunctional hypothalamic amenorrhea is related to profound impairment of reproductive functions including anovulation and infertility. Women's health in this disorder is disturbed in several aspects including the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, and mental problems. Patients manifest a decrease in bone mass density, which is related to an increase in fracture risk. Therefore, osteopenia and osteoporosis are the main long-term complications of FHA. Cardiovascular complications include endothelial dysfunction and abnormal changes in the lipid profile. FHA patients present significantly higher depression and anxiety and also sexual problems compared to healthy subjects.
conclusionsFHA patients should be carefully diagnosed and properly managed to prevent both short- and long-term medical consequences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.