ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
IL-1R1 signaling regulates CXCL12-mediated T cell localization and fate within the central nervous system during West Nile Virus encephalitis.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Response Associated with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- CX3CR1⁺ CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells drive tumor killing in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma during neoadjuvant therapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of CXCL12 Diagnostic Performance in Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Other Central Nervous System Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- NOD2 activation reprograms infiltrating inflammatory monocytes in the Zika virus infected CNS to maintain neural correlates of learning and memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Pathogenic breaches: how viruses compromise blood-tissue barriers.Tissue barriers · 2026Review
- Orchestration of antiviral responses within the infected central nervous system.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Transcriptomic analysis unveils bona fide molecular signatures of microglia under conditions of homeostasis and viral encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Evidence for vagal sensory neural involvement in influenza pathogenesis and disease.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development.F1000Research · 2024Review
- Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- Paradoxical roles for programmed cell death signaling during viral infection of the central nervous system.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2022Review
- Single-cell RNA transcriptome analysis of CNS immune cells reveals CXCL16/CXCR6 as maintenance factors for tissue-resident T cells that drive synapse elimination.Genome medicine · 2022Article
- Zika virus-induced TNF-α signaling dysregulates expression of neurologic genes associated with psychiatric disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Encephalitic Arboviruses of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation and Neuropathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Interleukin-1 as Innate Mediator of T Cell Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- IL-1Stem cells international · 2020Article
- Short-term environmental enrichment, and not physical exercise, alleviate cognitive decline and anxiety from middle age onwards without affecting hippocampal gene expression.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune cell entry into the virally infected CNS is vital for promoting viral clearance yet may contribute to neuropathology if not rigorously regulated. We previously showed that signaling through IL-1R1 is critical for effector T cell reactivation and virologic control within the CNS during murine West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis. WNV-infected IL-1R1(-/-) mice also display increased parenchymal penetration of CD8(+) T cells despite lack of CD4-mediated full activation, suggesting dysregulation of molecular components of CNS immune privilege. In this study, we show that IL-1 signaling regulates the CNS entry of virus-specific lymphocytes, promoting protective immune responses to CNS viral infections that limit immunopathology. Analysis of blood-brain barrier function in the WNV-infected IL-1R1(-/-) mice revealed no alterations in permeability. However, parenchymal proinflammatory chemokine expression, including CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10, was significantly upregulated, whereas microvasculature CXCL12 expression was significantly decreased in the absence of IL-1 signaling. We show that during WNV infection, CD11b(+)CD45(hi) infiltrating cells (macrophages) are the primary producers of IL-1β within the CNS and, through the use of an in vitro blood-brain barrier model, that IL-1β promotes CXCR4-mediated T cell adhesion to brain microvasculature endothelial cells. Of interest, IFNγ(+) and CD69(+) WNV-primed T cells were able to overcome CXCL12-mediated adhesion via downregulation of CXCR4. These data indicate that infiltrating IL-1β-producing leukocytes contribute to cellular interactions at endothelial barriers that impart protective CNS inflammation by regulating the parenchymal entry of CXCR4(+) virus-specific T cells during WNV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.