Trial reportJournal of consulting and clinical psychology2015
Standard magnitude prize reinforcers can be as efficacious as larger magnitude reinforcers in cocaine-dependent methadone patients.
Trial report in Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04927143 (Encouraging Abstinence Behavior in a Drug Epidemic), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Encouraging Abstinence Behavior in a Drug Epidemic: Optimizing Dynamic Incentives
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term efficacy of contingency management treatment based on objective indicators of abstinence from illicit substance use up to 1 year following treatment: A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Contingency Management interventions for non-prescribed drug use during treatment for opiate addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Pooled it
- A review of the literature on contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders, 2009-2014.Preventive medicine · 2016Pooled it
- A preliminary investigation of schedule parameters on cocaine abstinence in contingency management.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Trial
- A randomized trial of contingency management reinforcing attendance at treatment: Do duration and timing of reinforcement matter?Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2018Trial
- Alcohol use disorders are associated with increased HIV risk behaviors in cocaine-dependent methadone patients.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2017Trial
- Identity-Based Behavioral Economic Incentives Increased PrEP Adherence for Transgender and Nonbinary Adults in a Trans-Led PrEP Navigation Program.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- The Unsolved Problem of Attrition Rates on Randomized Clinical Trials for Cocaine Use Disorders: A Scoping Review.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Article
- Evolution of the substance use landscape: Implications for contingency management.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of intermittent cash incentives to increase step counts.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2025Article
- Contingency Management for Drug Use Disorders: Meta-Analysis and Application of Tolin's Criteria.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2024Article
- Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Continued Substance Use Problems Among Patients Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment Who Have Co-Occurring Cocaine Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Implementing an evidence-based prize contingency management protocol for stimulant use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Individual differences in cocaine seeking during voluntary abstinence predicts cocaine relapse and the circuitry mediating relapse.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- The impact of marijuana use on cocaine use outcomes among patients in methadone maintenance treatment across five trials of contingency management.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Article
- What are the ethical implications of using prize-based contingency management in substance use? A scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Objective continuous monitoring of alcohol consumption for three months among alcohol use disorder treatment outpatients.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Article
- Contingency management treatment for substance use disorders: How far has it come, and where does it need to go?Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveContingency management (CM) reduces cocaine use in methadone patients, but only about 50% of patients respond to CM interventions. This study evaluated whether increasing magnitudes of reinforcement will improve outcomes.
methodCocaine-dependent methadone patients (N = 240) were randomized to 1 of 4 12-week treatment conditions: usual care (UC); UC plus standard prize CM, in which average expected prize earnings were about $300; UC plus high magnitude prize CM, in which average expected prize earnings were about $900; or UC plus voucher CM, with an expected maximum of about $900 in vouchers.
resultsAll 3 CM conditions yielded significant reductions in cocaine use relative to UC, with effect sizes (d) ranging from 0.38 to 0.59. No differences were noted between CM conditions, with at least 55% of patients in each CM condition achieving 1 week or more of cocaine abstinence versus 35% in UC. During the 12 weeks after the intervention ended, CM increased time until relapse relative to UC, but the effects of CM were no longer significant at a 12-month follow-up.
conclusionsProviding the standard magnitude of $300 in prizes was as effective as larger magnitude CM in cocaine-dependent methadone patients in this study. Given its strong evidence base and relatively low costs, standard magnitude prize CM should be considered for adoption in methadone clinics to encourage cocaine abstinence, but new methods need to be developed to sustain abstinence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.