ReviewToxins2014
Clostridium and bacillus binary enterotoxins: bad for the bowels, and eukaryotic being.
Review in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural basis for independent pore function of Vpb4 from Bacillus thuringiensis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A host defense role for Fibrinogen by direct binding of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- History and Evolution of the HypervirulentMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Enhancement of oxaliplatin efficacy and amelioration of intestinal epithelial damage byFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2024Review
- Review
- Trauma-toxicology: concepts, causes, complications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.Toxins · 2024Review
- Repurposing FDA-approved disulfiram for targeted inhibition of diphtheria toxin and the binary protein toxins ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Causal associations between human gut microbiota and osteomyelitis: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity ofToxins · 2023Review
- CDT ofToxins · 2023Article
- Ecological and dynamic analysis of gut microbiota in the early stage of azomethane-dextran sodium sulfate model in mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Modulation of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites by corn silk among high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Pore-Forming Subunit C2IIa of the BinaryFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Internalization ofToxins · 2021Article
- The Importance of Therapeutically Targeting the Binary Toxin fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Inflammasome and Type-2 Immunity inClinics in colon and rectal surgery · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Some pathogenic spore-forming bacilli employ a binary protein mechanism for intoxicating the intestinal tracts of insects, animals, and humans. These Gram-positive bacteria and their toxins include Clostridium botulinum (C2 toxin), Clostridium difficile (C. difficile toxin or CDT), Clostridium perfringens (ι-toxin and binary enterotoxin, or BEC), Clostridium spiroforme (C. spiroforme toxin or CST), as well as Bacillus cereus (vegetative insecticidal protein or VIP). These gut-acting proteins form an AB complex composed of ADP-ribosyl transferase (A) and cell-binding (B) components that intoxicate cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis and endosomal trafficking. Once inside the cytosol, the A components inhibit normal cell functions by mono-ADP-ribosylation of globular actin, which induces cytoskeletal disarray and death. Important aspects of each bacterium and binary enterotoxin will be highlighted in this review, with particular focus upon the disease process involving the biochemistry and modes of action for each toxin.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.