ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
Infrequent HIV testing and late HIV diagnosis are common among a cohort of black men who have sex with men in 6 US cities.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Suboptimal Recent and Regular HIV Testing Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States: Implications From a Meta-Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Pooled it
- AEGIDA: Results of a Pilot Randomized Trial of an HIV Self-Testing Intervention for Women Who Exchange Sex and Use Substances in Kazakhstan.AIDS and behavior · 2026Trial
- Randomized Clinical Trial of Stigma Counseling and HIV Testing Access Interventions to Increase HIV Testing Among Black Sexual Minority Men and Transwomen.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Trial
- Association of demographics and psychological barriers with late presentation of HIV among men who have sex with men in Chengdu, China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Toward information resilience: Applying intersectionality to the HIV/AIDS information practices of Black sexual minority men.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · 2025Article
- Neighborhoods, Networks, and HIV Care Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Proposal for a Longitudinal Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Scaling Up HIV Self-Testing and Linkage to Care Among Women Who Exchange Sex and/or Use Drugs in Kazakhstan.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2024Article
- Structural Discrimination against and Structural Support for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People as a Predictor of Late HIV Diagnoses among Black Men who Have Sex with Men.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- What do young people know about HIV? Results of a cross sectional study on 18-24-year-old students.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Integrating HIV and Mental Health Services for Black Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV: Findings from the STYLE 2.0 Intervention.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2022Article
- HIV testing in a high prevalence urban area in the US: Identifying missed opportunities two ways.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Article
- Associations between HIV testing and multilevel stigmas among gay men and other men who have sex with men in nine urban centers across the United States.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Client-Centered Care Coordination (C4Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP · 2022Article
- Assessing the Prevalence and Determinants of Exposure-Influenced HIV Testing among a Sample of Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis-Naïve Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Toward a Theory of the Underpinnings and Vulnerabilities of Structural Racism: Looking Upstream from Disease Inequities among People Who Use Drugs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Intersectional Stigma and Prevention Among Gay, Bisexual, and Same Gender-Loving Men in New York City, 2020: System Dynamics Models.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- The impact of stigma on HIV testing decisions for gay, bisexual, queer and other men who have sex with men: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Trends in the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pneumocystis Pneumonia among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Hospitalizations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Factors associated with barriers to engagement in HIV-prevention care among sexual minority men.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Stigma, HIV Risk, and Access to HIV Prevention and Treatment Services Among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in the United States: A Scoping Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUS guidelines recommend at least annual HIV testing for those at risk. This analysis assessed frequency and correlates of infrequent HIV testing and late diagnosis among black men who have sex with men (BMSM).
methodsHIV testing history was collected at enrollment from participants in HPTN 061, an HIV prevention trial for at-risk US BMSM. Two definitions of late HIV diagnosis were assessed: CD4 cell count <200 cells per cubic millimeter or <350 cells per cubic millimeter at diagnosis.
resultsHPTN 061 enrolled 1553 BMSM. HIV testing questions were completed at enrollment by 1284 (98.7%) of 1301 participants with no previous HIV diagnosis; 272 (21.2%) reported no HIV test in previous 12 months (infrequent testing); 155 of whom (12.1% of the 1284 with testing data) reported never testing. Infrequent HIV testing was associated with: not seeing a medical provider in the previous 6 months (relative risk [RR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03 to 1.13), being unemployed (RR: 1.04, CI: 1.01 to 1.07), and having high internalized HIV stigma (RR: 1.03, CI: 1.0 to 1.05). New HIV diagnoses were more likely among infrequent testers compared with men tested in the previous year (18.4% vs. 4.4%; odds ratio: 4.8, 95% CI: 3.2 to 7.4). Among men with newly diagnosed HIV, 33 (39.3%) had a CD4 cell count <350 cells per cubic millimeter including 17 (20.2%) with CD4 <200 cells per cubic millimeter.
conclusionsInfrequent HIV testing, undiagnosed infection, and late diagnosis were common among BMSM in this study. New HIV diagnoses were more common among infrequent testers, underscoring the need for additional HIV testing and prevention efforts among US BMSM.
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