ArticleMediators of inflammation2014
Smoking is associated with reduced leptin and neuropeptide Y levels and higher pain experience in patients with fibromyalgia.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of serum leptin and ghrelin levels with smoking status on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Quantitative Sensory Testing in Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Scoping Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Female Sex, Fibromyalgia Diagnosis, Obesity, Tobacco Use, Preoperative Opioid Use, and Postoperative Recurrent Instability Are Risk Factors for Return to the Emergency Department 1 Year After Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Serum choline, leptin and interleukin-6 levels in fibromyalgia syndrome-induced pain: a case-control study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Attentional Bias for Opioids in Taiwanese Heavy Smokers with Chronic Noncancer Pain.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity.Journal of hazardous materials · 2024Review
- Lifestyle risk factors of self-reported fibromyalgia in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibromyalgia.Rheumatology international · 2019Review
- The relationship between serum leptin level and disease activity and inflammatory markers in fibromyalgia patients.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2018Article
- Is there a role for IGF-1 in the development of second primary cancers?Cancer medicine · 2016Review
- Transmission pathways and mediators as the basis for clinical pharmacology of pain.Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2016Article
- Neuropeptide Y levels are associated with nutritional status and cardiovascular events in adults with chronic kidney disease.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Article
- Circulating leptin and pain perception among tobacco-dependent individuals.Biological psychology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking deregulates neuroendocrine responses to pain supporting production of neuropeptide Y (NpY) by direct stimulation of nicotinic receptors or by inhibiting adipokine leptin. Present study addressed the effect of cigarette smoking on adipokines and pain parameters, in 62 women with fibromyalgia (FM) pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Pain was characterized by a visual analogue scale, tender point (TP) counts, pressure pain threshold, and neuroendocrine markers NpY and substance P (sP). Levels of IGF-1, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and adiponectin were measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Current smokers (n = 18) had lower levels of leptin compared to ex-smokers (n = 25, P = 0.002), while the expected NpY increase was absent in FM patients. In smokers, this was transcribed in higher VAS-pain (P = 0.04) and TP count (P = 0.03), lower pain threshold (P = 0.01), since NpY levels were directly related to the pain threshold (rho = 0.414) and inversely related to TP counts (rho = -0.375). This study shows that patients with FM have no increase of NpY levels in response to smoking despite the low levels of leptin. Deregulation of the balance between leptin and neuropeptide Y may be one of the essential mechanisms of chronic pain in FM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.