ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Proximal and distal social influence on alcohol consumption and marijuana use among middle school adolescents.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal Associations Between Other-Sex Close Friends and Alcohol Use is a Between-, Not Within-, Person Process.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Awareness of peers in recovery and of a campus collegiate recovery community at a university in the southeastern United States.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2025Article
- Implicit Social Attunement and Alcohol Use: The Effect of Peer Feedback on Willingness to Drink in Social Settings.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- School-Level Longitudinal Predictors of Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Subjective Norms Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination among Pregnant Women in Kenya: An Online Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Using WhatsApp.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Adolescents' perceptions of alcohol portrayals in the media and their impact on cognitions and behaviors.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2023Article
- Investigating the Relative Influence of Romantic Sex Partners and Close Friends on Adolescent Alcohol and Marijuana Use.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Alcohol and Cannabis Use in Young Adulthood: Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Effects of Peer and Parental Influences From Middle Adolescence.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2022Article
- Race Differences in Opioid Misuse and Adolescent Suicidality.Child & adolescent social work journal : C & A · 2022Article
- Social Learning and Addiction.Behavioural brain research · 2021Review
- Early and Late Adolescent Factors that Predict Co-use of Cannabis with Alcohol and Tobacco in Young Adulthood.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2020Article
- Article
- Declining alcohol consumption among adolescents and schools in Stockholm, 2010-2016.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2019Article
- Alcohol Use among Latinx Early Adolescents: Exploring the Role of the Family.Journal of alcohol and drug education · 2019Article
- Long-term Associations Between Substance Use-Related Media Exposure, Descriptive Norms, and Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2019Article
- Dyadic and Group-Level Positive Friendship Characteristics and Susceptibility to Perceived Delinquent Peer Substance Use.The Journal of early adolescence · 2019Article
- Relative influence of perceived peer and family substance use on adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use across middle and high school.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Adolescent betel nut use in Guam: beliefs, attitudes and social norms.Addiction research & theory · 2019Article
- Clusters of alcohol and drug use and other health-risk behaviors among Thai secondary school students: a latent class analysis.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Neighborhood or School? Influences on Alcohol Consumption and Heavy Episodic Drinking Among Urban Adolescents.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study assesses the independent and combined effects of (1) perceived peer norms, (2) best friend use, and (3) being in the presence of others who use on middle school adolescents' consumption of marijuana and alcohol, and how the effects of these sources of social influence evolve over time as youth progress through middle school.
methodsThe analytic sample consisted of 11,667 adolescents (50% female; >65% Hispanic) in 6th, 7th or 8th grade from 16 middle schools across three school districts in Southern California. Participants were assessed at 5 time points from 2008 to 2011.
resultsAll sources of social influence were predictive of alcohol and marijuana consumption. As youth grew older, spending time with other adolescents who drink increased adolescents' likelihood of drinking alcohol, whereas perceived norms became less influential. Furthermore, as adolescents spent more time around other youths who drink, the predictive value of perceived norms on alcohol consumption decreased. Similarly, as youth grew older, the influence of best friend's use and spending time with other adolescents who use marijuana remain stable, whereas perceived norms became less influential.
conclusionFindings suggest that perceived peer norms may be more influential in early adolescence; whereas proximal social determinants (e.g., being in the presence of other peers who consume) become more influential as youth enter middle adolescence. Prevention programs should continue to address misperception of norms with younger adolescents to decrease the chances of initiation, but also utilize strategies such as refusal skills and alternate coping mechanisms for older adolescents.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.