ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2015
Risk of Schizophrenia Increases After All Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders: A Nationwide Study.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Psychotic Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence With the Risk of Subsequent Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Genetic Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Developmental Psychopathology: Longitudinal and Multivariate Polygenic Risk Prediction of Common Psychiatric Traits During Development.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Changes in incidence of hospital diagnoses of mental disorders among children and adolescents over the past 3 decades.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Prognostic Factors for Adulthood Psychosis in Adolescent Psychiatry Services: A Longitudinal Total Birth Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Independent versus joint effects of polygenic or family-based schizophrenia risk in diverse ancestry youth in the ABCD study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Does treatment of adolescent depression reduce risk of later psychosis: A quasi-experimental study of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment in a total population cohort.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Annual Research Review: Psychosis in children and adolescents: key updates from the past 2 decades on psychotic disorders, psychotic experiences, and psychosis risk.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Review
- Prodromal symptoms and the duration of untreated psychosis in first episode of psychosis patients: what differences are there between early vs. adult onset and between schizophrenia vs. bipolar disorder?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychiatric Comorbidities and Schizophrenia in Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- School performance and later diagnoses of nonaffective psychoses, bipolar disorder, and depression.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Potential for prediction of psychosis and bipolar disorder in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a longitudinal register study of all people born in Finland in 1987.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022Article
- Overview of CAPICE-Childhood and Adolescence Psychopathology: unravelling the complex etiology by a large Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Europe-an EU Marie Skłodowska-Curie International Training Network.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Review
- Deficits in attention, motor control and perception childhood to age 30 years: prospective case-control study of outcome predictors.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Associations between patterns in comorbid diagnostic trajectories of individuals with schizophrenia and etiological factors.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Organizational skills training for children with ADHD: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial.Trials · 2021Article
- Mental disorders pattern in staff of a military unit in Iran: the role of metabolic syndrome on latent class membership.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Parenting and Sibling Relationships in Family with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Are Non-Clinical Siblings More Vulnerable for Emotional and Behavioral Problems?Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Promoting a patient-centered, transdiagnostic approach to prevention of severe mental illness.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEarlier smaller studies have shown associations between child and adolescent psychiatric disorders and schizophrenia. Particularly, attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder and autism have been linked with schizophrenia. However, large-scale prospective studies have been lacking. We, therefore, conducted the first large-scale study on the association between a broad spectrum of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders and the risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia.
methodsDanish nationwide registers were linked to establish a cohort consisting of all persons born during 1990-2000 and the cohort was followed until December 31, 2012. Data were analyzed using survival analyses and adjusted for calendar year, age, and sex.
resultsA total of 25138 individuals with child and adolescent psychiatric disorders were identified, out of which 1232 individuals were subsequently diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was highly elevated, particularly within the first year after onset of the child and adolescent psychiatric disorder, and remained significantly elevated >5 years with an incidence rate ratio of 4.93 (95% confidence interval: 4.37-5.54).We utilized the cumulated incidences and found that among persons diagnosed with a child and adolescent psychiatric disorder between the ages 0-13 years and 14-17 years, 1.68% and 8.74 %, respectively, will be diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder <8 years after onset of the child and adolescent psychiatric disorder.
conclusionsThe risk of being diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders after a child and adolescent psychiatric disorder was significantly increased particularly in the short term but also in the long-term period.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.