ReviewDiabetes research and clinical practice2014
β-hydroxybutyrate: much more than a metabolite.
Review in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 311 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse events and tolerability of ketogenic diets - a systematic literature analysis.BMC nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of ketogenic diet for pain based on dual databases: global trends and research hotspots from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus (2006-2025).Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Database Analysis of Application Areas and Global Trends in Ketogenic Diets from 2019 to 2024.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Short-term interval training alters brain glucose metabolism in subjects with insulin resistance.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Trial
- Ketogenic diet as a systems-level immunometabolic sensitization strategy in cancer therapy: integrating metabolism, immune reprogramming, microbiome dynamics, and epigenetic regulation.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Epigenomic Remodeling by Lipid Metabolism: A Cross-Disease Perspective on Cancer and Brain Disorders.Genes · 2026Review
- Ketone Supplementation Decreased Lipopolysaccharide-Generated Anxiety-like Behavior in Female WAG/Rij Rats.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond Diabetes: Continuous Glucose Monitoring as a Candidate Precision Tool for Cardiovascular Prevention and Healthy Longevity-A Hypothesis-Generating Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- A β-Hydroxybutyrylation-FOXM1/CENPA Axis Links Ketone-Body Metabolism to Mitotic Transcription in Basal-like Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Ketone Supplementation in Trained and Physically Active Individuals: Effects on Athletic Performance and Metabolic Variables-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The role of intermittent fasting in modulating oxidative stress: a narrative review.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Intermittent Fasting and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: Retrospective Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Metabolic Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor-Induced Ketogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- The central benefit of physiologically induced ketogenic states.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Impact of the Combination of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Ellagic Acid Supplemented with Ketone Bodies on Energetic Restoration of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Metabolic Inefficiencies in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet Modulates Cerebellar AQP4 in an Age-dependent Manner and Parallels Reduced Anxiety-like Behavior in Rats.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Blood analytes relevant to nutritional status and energy metabolism in three sea turtle species across nesting season.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2026Article
- Ketogenic Strategies in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy-The Road to Opening Up: A Scoping Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- The multifaceted roles of ketones in physiology.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Ketones and brain health: from metabolic rescue to metabolic flexibility.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) is a convenient carrier of energy from adipocytes to peripheral tissues during fasting or exercise. However, βOHB is more than just a metabolite, having important cellular signaling roles as well. βOHB is an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and a ligand for at least two cell surface receptors. In addition, the downstream products of βOHB metabolism including acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, and NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) themselves have signaling activities. These regulatory functions of βOHB serve to link the outside environment to cellular function and gene expression, and have important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.