ArticlePloS one2014
Novel HIV-1 miRNAs stimulate TNFα release in human macrophages via TLR8 signaling pathway.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Immune non-response despite effective antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV: A review of potential mechanisms, biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.HIV medicine · 2026Review
- SHIV.D Infection Alters Production and Protein Composition of Myeloid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Exosomal nanocarriers of immune fate: molecular insights into cancer immunity, pathogen defense, and emerging immunotherapies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Unveiling the role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection: molecular mechanisms, viral persistence, and therapeutic opportunities.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles: Antiviral functions and applications in therapeutics and vaccines.iScience · 2025Review
- MicroRNAs in HIV infection: dual regulators of viral replication and host immunity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Alveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- miR-574-5p in epigenetic regulation and Toll-like receptor signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Exosomal transcript cargo and functional correlation with HNSCC patients' survival.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pandemic Viral Infections.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Something to talk about; crosstalk disruption at the neurovascular unit during HIV infection of the CNS.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- The extracellular vesicles in HIV infection and progression: mechanisms, and theranostic implications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Review
- MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens.Biology · 2023Review
- Review
- The complex role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection.BMB reports · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses: Two Intertwined Entities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether HIV-1 produces microRNAs and elucidate whether these miRNAs can induce inflammatory response in macrophages (independent of the conventional miRNA function in RNA interference) leading to chronic immune activation.
methodsUsing sensitive quantitative Real Time RT-PCR and sequencing, we detected novel HIV-derived miRNAs in the sera of HIV+ persons, and associated with exosomes. Release of TNFα by macrophages challenged with HIV miRNAs was measured by ELISA.
resultsHIV infection of primary alveolar macrophages produced elevated levels of viral microRNAs vmiR88, vmiR99 and vmiR-TAR in cell extracts and in exosome preparations from conditioned medium. Furthermore, these miRNAs were also detected in exosome fraction of sera from HIV-infected persons. Importantly, vmiR88 and vmiR99 (but not vmiR-TAR) stimulated human macrophage TNFα release, which is dependent on macrophage TLR8 expression. These data support a potential role for HIV-derived vmiRNAs released from infected macrophages as contributing to chronic immune activation in HIV-infected persons, and may represent a novel therapeutic target to limit AIDS pathogenesis.
conclusionNovel HIV vmiR88 and vmiR99 are present in the systemic circulation of HIV+ persons and could exhibit biological function (independent of gene silencing) as ligands for TLR8 signaling that promote macrophage TNFα release, and may contribute to chronic immune activation. Targeting novel HIV-derived miRNAs may represent a therapeutic strategy to limit chronic immune activation and AIDS progression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.