ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2014
Rethinking Molecular Mimicry in Rheumatic Heart Disease and Autoimmune Myocarditis: Laminin, Collagen IV, CAR, and B1AR as Initial Targets of Disease.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping Autoantibodies in Children With Acute Rheumatic Fever.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Overview of immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis mechanisms diagnostics and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- T-Cell Receptor Sequences Identify Combined Coxsackievirus-International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Decoding the relationship between cow's milk proteins and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and Its Bacterial Co- or Super-Infections Synergize to Trigger COVID-19 Autoimmune Cardiopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- From Co-Infections to Autoimmune Disease via Hyperactivated Innate Immunity: COVID-19 Autoimmune Coagulopathies, Autoimmune Myocarditis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- T Cell Receptor Sequences Amplified during Severe COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Mimic SARS-CoV-2, Its Bacterial Co-Infections and Host Autoantigens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Myocardial fibrosis in rheumatic heart disease: emerging concepts and clinical implications.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Characterization of an experimental model to determine streptococcal M protein-induced autoimmune cardiac and neurobehavioral abnormalities.Immunology and cell biology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 coagulopathies: Human blood proteins mimic SARS-CoV-2 virus, vaccine proteins and bacterial co-infections inducing autoimmunity: Combinations of bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 synergize to induce autoantibodies targeting cardiolipin, cardiolipin-binding proteins, platelet factor 4, prothrombin, and coagulation factors.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Synergistic Activation of Toll-Like and NOD Receptors by Complementary Antigens as Facilitators of Autoimmune Disease: Review, Model and Novel Predictions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Precision Cardio-Oncology: a Systems-Based Perspective on Cardiotoxicity of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2020Review
- Recent Advances in the Development of Peptide Vaccines and Their Delivery Systems Against Group A Streptococcus.Vaccines · 2019Review
- Monovalent TNF receptor 1-selective antibody with improved affinity and neutralizing activity.mAbs · 2019Article
- T cell subsets: an integral component in pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease.Immunologic research · 2018Review
- Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution?Allergo Journal : interdisziplinare Zeitschrift fur Allergologie und Umweltmedizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allergie- und Immunitatsforschung · 2018Review
- Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution?Allergo journal international · 2018Review
- Roles of Host Immunity in Viral Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Journal of immunology research · 2018Review
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins Mimic Human T Cell Receptors Inducing Cross-Reactive Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleMolecular mimicry theory (MMT) suggests that epitope mimicry between pathogens and human proteins can activate autoimmune disease. Group A streptococci (GAS) mimics human cardiac myosin in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and coxsackie viruses (CX) mimic actin in autoimmune myocarditis (AM). But myosin and actin are immunologically inaccessible and unlikely initial targets. Extracellular cardiac proteins that mimic GAS and CX would be more likely.
objectivesTo determine whether extracellular cardiac proteins such as coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), beta 1 adrenergic receptor (B1AR), CD55/DAF, laminin, and collagen IV mimic GAS, CX, and/or cardiac myosin or actin.
methodsBLAST 2.0 and LALIGN searches of the UniProt protein database were employed to identify potential molecular mimics. Quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure antibody cross-reactivity. MEASUREMENTS: Similarities were considered to be significant if a sequence contained at least 5 identical amino acids in 10. Antibodies were considered to be cross-reactive if the binding constant had a K d less than 10(-9) M. MAIN
resultsGroup A streptococci mimics laminin, CAR, and myosin. CX mimics actin and collagen IV and B1AR. The similarity search results are mirrored by antibody cross-reactivities. Additionally, antibodies against laminin recognize antibodies against collagen IV; antibodies against actin recognize antibodies against myosin, and antibodies against GAS recognize antibodies against CX. Thus, there is both mimicry of extracellular proteins and antigenic complementarity between GAS-CX in RHD/AM.
conclusionRheumatic heart disease/AM may be due to combined infections of GAS with CX localized at cardiomyocytes that may produce a synergistic, hyperinflammatory response that cross-reacts with laminin, collagen IV, CAR, and/or B1AR. Epitope drift shifts the immune response to myosin and actin after cardiomyocytes become damaged.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.