Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute2014
The effects of soy supplementation on gene expression in breast cancer: a randomized placebo-controlled study.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Dietary Supplements on Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Therapy-resistant breast cancer in focus: Clinically relevant mitigation by flavonoids targeting cancer stem cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exploratory analysis of the human breast DNA methylation profile upon soymilk exposure.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Double-Blind Randomized 12-Month Soy Intervention Had No Effects on Breast MRI Fibroglandular Tissue Density or Mammographic Density.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2015Trial
- BUB1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in cervical cancer by AKT signaling and autophagosome-lysosome fusion via ACTN1.iScience · 2026Article
- Potential of Dietary Agent Daidzein in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- Biological activities and therapeutic potential of soy isoflavones: a focus on anticancer activity.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting Nudix Hydrolase 5 with Bioactive Flavonoids: Molecular Dynamics and Docking Studies for Breast Cancer Therapy.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Perspective: Isoflavones-Intriguing Molecules but Much Remains to Be Learned about These Soybean Constituents.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Review
- A Review of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Evidence Relevant to the Impact of Postdiagnosis Isoflavone Intake on Breast Cancer Outcomes.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Management of vasomotor symptoms in cancer patients.The oncologist · 2025Review
- Avoiding soy foods and certain nuts and seed foods in the management of severe cyclical mastalgia: a case report.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Molecular Pathways of Genistein Activity in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Traditional and Domestic Cooking Dramatically Reduce Estrogenic Isoflavones in Soy Foods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Inflammation Factors and Genistein Supplementation in Cancer-Preliminary Research.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Identification of genes and pathways associated with menopausal status in breast cancer patients using two algorithms.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Associations of urinary phytoestrogens with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults: a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Benefits of Soybean in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Review of Clinical Evidence.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are conflicting reports on the impact of soy on breast carcinogenesis. This study examines the effects of soy supplementation on breast cancer-related genes and pathways.
methodsWomen (n = 140) with early-stage breast cancer were randomly assigned to soy protein supplementation (n = 70) or placebo (n = 70) for 7 to 30 days, from diagnosis until surgery. Adherence was determined by plasma isoflavones: genistein and daidzein. Gene expression changes were evaluated by NanoString in pre- and posttreatment tumor tissue. Genome-wide expression analysis was performed on posttreatment tissue. Proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (Cas3) were assessed by immunohistochemistry.
resultsPlasma isoflavones rose in the soy group (two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < .001) and did not change in the placebo group. In paired analysis of pre- and posttreatment samples, 21 genes (out of 202) showed altered expression (two-sided Student's t-test, P < .05). Several genes including FANCC and UGT2A1 revealed different magnitude and direction of expression changes between the two groups (two-sided Student's t-test, P < .05). A high-genistein signature consisting of 126 differentially expressed genes was identified from microarray analysis of tumors. This signature was characterized by overexpression (>2-fold) of cell cycle transcripts, including those that promote cell proliferation, such as FGFR2, E2F5, BUB1, CCNB2, MYBL2, CDK1, and CDC20 (P < .01). Soy intake did not result in statistically significant changes in Ki67 or Cas3.
conclusionsGene expression associated with soy intake and high plasma genistein defines a signature characterized by overexpression of FGFR2 and genes that drive cell cycle and proliferation pathways. These findings raise the concerns that in a subset of women soy could adversely affect gene expression in breast cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.