Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25190442›Full record

Trial reportStroke2014

Clinical correlates of infarct shape and volume in lacunar strokes: the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes trial.

Negar Asdaghi, Lesly A Pearce, Makoto Nakajima, Thalia S Field, Carlos Bazan, Franco Cermeno, Leslie A McClure, David C Anderson, Robert G Hart, Oscar R Benavente and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Stroke, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00059306 (Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00059306 phase3completednot on this map

Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of British ColumbiaRan2003 to 2012Enrolled3,020ConditionsCerebrovascular Accident, HypertensionArmsaspirin, clopidogrel, Target of Blood Pressure, placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Imaging patterns and prognosis of proximal and distal small subcortical infarcts.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Within-lesion heterogeneity of subcortical DWI lesion evolution, and stroke outcome: A voxel-based analysis.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020
    Observational
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Infarct Size May Distinguish the Pathogenesis of Lacunar Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery Territory.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2016
    Article
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Negar AsdaghiFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Lesly A PearceFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Makoto NakajimaFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Thalia S FieldFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Carlos BazanFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Franco CermenoFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Leslie A McClureFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
David C AndersonFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Robert G HartFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.).
Oscar R BenaventeFrom the Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Brain Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (N.A., M.N., T.S.F., F.C., O.R.B.); Biostatistics Consultant, Minot, ND (L.A.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Centre, San Antonio (C.B.); Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.A.M.); Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center and the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.C.A.); Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontatio, Canada (R.G.H.); SPS3 Coordinating Center (N.A., L.A.P., M.N., T.S.F., C.B., F.C., R.G.H., O.R.B.); and SPS3 Statistical Center (L.A.M.). Oscar.benavente@ubc.ca.
SPS3 Investigators
University of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Minnesota · USHennepin County Medical Center · USMcMaster University · CAThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · US

Funding

SECONDARY PREVENTION OF SMALL SUBCORTICAL STROKES (SPSS)U01NS038529 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI BENAVENTE, OSCAR R · 2003 to 2012
$62.9M
Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of ClevelandUL1TR000439 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI KONSTAN, MICHAEL W. · 2012 to 2016
$50.0M
University of Alabama at Birmingham's Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Kirk Michael Habegger · 2013 to 2026
$19.5M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000439NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS038529NINDS NIH HHS U01NS038529
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeInfarct size and location are thought to correlate with different mechanisms of lacunar infarcts. We examined the relationship between the size and shape of lacunar infarcts and vascular risk factors and outcomes.

methodsWe studied 1679 participants in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Stroke trial with a lacunar infarct visualized on diffusion-weighted imaging. Infarct volume was measured planimetrically, and shape was classified based on visual analysis after 3-dimensional reconstruction of axial MRI slices.

resultsInfarct shape was ovoid/spheroid in 63%, slab in 12%, stick in 7%, and multicomponent in 17%. Median infarct volume was smallest in ovoid/spheroid relative to other shapes: 0.46, 0.65, 0.54, and 0.90 mL, respectively (P<0.001). Distributions of vascular risk factors were similar across the 4 groups except that patients in the ovoid/spheroid and stick groups were more often diabetic and those with multicomponent had significantly higher blood pressure at study entry. Intracranial stenosis did not differ among groups (P=0.2). Infarct volume was not associated with vascular risk factors. Increased volume was associated with worse functional status at baseline and 3 months. Overall, 162 recurrent strokes occurred during an average of 3.4 years of follow-up with no difference in recurrent ischemic stroke rate by shape or volume.

conclusionsIn patients with recent lacunar stroke, vascular risk factor profile was similar among the different infarct shapes and sizes. Infarct size correlated with worse short-term functional outcome. Neither shape nor volume was predictive of stroke recurrence. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00059306.

Indexed as

AgedCerebral InfarctionDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingFemaleHumansImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedMaleMiddle AgedPlatelet Aggregation InhibitorsRecovery of FunctionRecurrenceSecondary PreventionStroke, LacunarPlatelet Aggregation Inhibitorsdiffusion imaging weightedlacunar infarctshapestrokevolume

Identifiers

PMID25190442
PMCPMC4198938
OpenAlexW2095481038

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.