Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25189638›Full record

ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2015

Cribriform growth is highly predictive for postoperative metastasis and disease-specific death in Gleason score 7 prostate cancer.

Charlotte F Kweldam, Mark F Wildhagen, Ewout W Steyerberg, Chris H Bangma, Theodorus H van der Kwast, Geert J L H van Leenders

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In one paragraph

Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
13.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 289 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Disease-specific survival of patients with invasive cribriform and intraductal prostate cancer at diagnostic biopsy.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2016
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  19. Prostate Cancer: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Serican journal of medicine · 2026
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73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Charlotte F KweldamDepartment of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Mark F Wildhagen1] Research Office Sophia, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Ewout W SteyerbergCenter for Medical Decision Making, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Chris H BangmaDepartment of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Theodorus H van der KwastDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
Geert J L H van LeendersDepartment of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Erasmus MC · NLUniversity Health Network · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patients with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer on radical prostatectomy demonstrate a wide range in clinical outcome. Gleason grade 4 prostate cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumor growth patterns including fused, ill-defined, cribriform, and glomeruloid glandular structures. Our objective was to determine the prognostic value of different Gleason grade 4 growth patterns. We performed a nested case-control study among 535 patients with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy, treated between March 1985 and July 2013 at a university hospital in the Netherlands. We analyzed 52 cases (with metastasis, disease-specific mortality or both) and 109 controls, matched for age, PSA level, and pT stage. Presence of the following Gleason grade 4 patterns was recorded: fused, ill-defined, cribriform, and glomeruloid. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and tertiary Gleason grade 5 were additionally assessed. Outcomes were metastasis-free survival and disease-specific survival. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to determine the predictive value of Gleason grade 4 patterns for survival time. The overall prevalence of Gleason grade 4 patterns was as follows: fused 75% (n=121), ill-defined 64% (n=102), cribriform 48% (n=83), and glomeruloid 25% (n=40). Cribriform pattern was the only pattern with an unequal distribution between cases and controls. Forty-two out of 52 cases (81%) had cribriform growth pattern versus 41/109 controls (38%). In multivariate analysis, presence of cribriform growth was an adverse independent predictor for distant metastasis-free survival (HR 8.0, 95% CI 3.0-21; P<0.001) and disease-specific survival (HR 5.4, 95% CI 2.0-15, P=0.001). In conclusion, cribriform growth in Gleason grade 4 is a strong prognostic marker for distant metastasis and disease-specific death in patients with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaAgedCase-Control StudiesDisease-Free SurvivalHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm GradingNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsProstatic Neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID25189638
OpenAlexW2038264173

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.