ArticleJAMA ophthalmology2014
Solar exposure and residential geographic history in relation to exfoliation syndrome in the United States and Israel.
Article in JAMA ophthalmology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Left-Right Determination Factor 2 (LEFTY2) Is an Aqueous Humor Biomarker for Exfoliation Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Comparison of serum iron, zinc and magnesium levels in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma: a case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Burden of Pseudoexfoliation and Pigmentary Glaucoma among American Indian or Alaska Native Patients.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Female Reproductive Factors in Relation to Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma or Glaucoma Suspect.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Mitochondrial and microtubule defects in Exfoliation Glaucoma.Free radical biology & medicine · 2025Article
- Research progress of Mendelian randomization analysis for glaucoma etiology.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- "Spider Web"-like zonular deposits in pseudoexfoliation syndrome: endoscopic insights-a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Progress in the Application of Microneedles in Eye Disorders and the Proposal of the Upgraded Microneedle with Spinule.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Review
- Investigating the Impact of Sun/UV Protection and Ease of Skin Tanning on the Risk of Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Regional variation in the incidence of pseudo-exfoliation in the Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome-Clinical Characteristics of Most Common Cause of Secondary Glaucoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Genome-Wide RNA Sequencing of Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Treated with TGF-β1: Relevance to Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Exfoliation Syndrome and Exfoliation Glaucoma in the Navajo Nation.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Emerging roles of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Review
- Exfoliation Syndrome in Baja Verapaz Guatemala: A Cross-Sectional Study and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Pseudoexfoliation and Cataract Syndrome Associated with Genetic and Epidemiological Factors in a Mayan Cohort of Guatemala.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Summary of Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS): using a large database to identify systemic comorbidities.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Metabolomics Reveals Differences in Aqueous Humor Composition in Patients With and Without Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma Risk-associated Variants Within Lysyl Oxidase-like 1 in an Irish Population.Journal of glaucoma · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
importanceResidential (geographic) history and extent of solar exposure may be important risk factors for exfoliation syndrome (XFS) but, to our knowledge, detailed lifetime solar exposure has not been previously evaluated in XFS.
objectiveTo assess the relation between residential history, solar exposure, and XFS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsThis clinic-based case-control study was conducted in the United States and Israel. It involved XFS cases and control individuals (all ≥ 60-year-old white individuals) enrolled from 2010 to 2012 (United States: 118 cases and 106 control participants; Israel: 67 cases and 72 control participants). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Weighted lifetime average latitude of residence and average number of hours per week spent outdoors as determined by validated questionnaires.
resultsIn multivariable analyses, each degree of weighted lifetime average residential latitude away from the equator was associated with 11% increased odds of XFS (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17; P < .001). Furthermore, every hour per week spent outdoors during the summer, averaged over a lifetime, was associated with 4% increased odds of XFS (pooled OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07; P = .03). For every 1% of average lifetime summer time between 10 am and 4 pm that sunglasses were worn, the odds of XFS decreased by 2% (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99; P < .001) in the United States but not in Israel (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.01; P = .92; P for heterogeneity = .005). In the United States, after controlling for important environmental covariates, history of work over water or snow was associated with increased odds of XFS (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.36-10.9); in Israel, there were too few people with such history for analysis. We did not identify an association between brimmed hat wear and XFS (P > .57). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lifetime outdoor activities may contribute to XFS. The association with work over snow or water and the lack of association with brimmed hat wear suggests that ocular exposure to light from reflective surfaces may be an important type of exposure in XFS etiology.
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