ArticlePloS one2014
Outer membrane vesicles mediate transport of biologically active Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) from V. cholerae strains.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained exposure to outer membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli develop mitochondrial oxidative stress and induce autophagy of macrophage.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Outer membrane vesicles inMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- Characterization ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Small molecule inhibitor targets OmpV to treat pandemic Vibrio cholerae infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- HapA protease targets PAR-1/2 to modulate ERK signalling and reduce cancer cell viability.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Membrane Stress Enhances Specific PQS-Lipid Interactions That Drive Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis.Membranes · 2025Article
- Hemagglutinin Protease HapA Associated With Vibrio cholerae Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Disrupts Tight and Adherens Junctions.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Vibrio cholerae cytolysin induces pro-inflammatory and death signals through novel TLR assembly.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria and its correlation with pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Story of Pore-Forming Proteins from Deadly Disease-Causing Agents to Modern Applications with Evolutionary Significance.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Review
- Polymorphism and mutational diversity of virulence (vcgCPI/vcgCPE) and resistance determinants (aac(3)-IIa, (aacC2, strA, Sul 1, and 11) among human pathogenic Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in South-Western districts of Uganda.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Review
- Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Transcriptome responses of intestinal epithelial cells induced by membrane vesicles ofCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2023Article
- Microbe-host interactions: structure and functions of Gram-negative bacterial membrane vesicles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Review
- Involvement of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Infectious Diseases and Their Application in Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- RecombinantInfection and immunity · 2021Article
- Article
- Phosphatidic acid-mediated binding and mammalian cell internalization of the Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin MakA.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Gram-negative bacteria can serve as vehicles for the translocation of virulence factors. Vibrio cholerae produce OMVs but their putative role in translocation of effectors involved in pathogenesis has not been well elucidated. The V. cholerae cytolysin (VCC), is a pore-forming toxin that lyses target eukaryotic cells by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel channels. It is considered a potent toxin that contributes to V. cholerae pathogenesis. The mechanisms involved in the secretion and delivery of the VCC have not been extensively studied. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsOMVs from V. cholerae strains were isolated and purified using a differential centrifugation procedure and Optiprep centrifugation. The ultrastructure and the contents of OMVs were examined under the electron microscope and by immunoblot analyses respectively. We demonstrated that VCC from V. cholerae strain V:5/04 was secreted in association with OMVs and the release of VCC via OMVs is a common feature among V. cholerae strains. The biological activity of OMV-associated VCC was investigated using contact hemolytic assay and epithelial cell cytotoxicity test. It showed toxic activity on both red blood cells and epithelial cells. Our results indicate that the OMVs architecture might play a role in stability of VCC and thereby can enhance its biological activities in comparison with the free secreted VCC. Furthermore, we tested the role of OMV-associated VCC in host cell autophagy signalling using confocal microscopy and immunoblot analysis. We observed that OMV-associated VCC triggered an autophagy response in the target cell and our findings demonstrated for the first time that autophagy may operate as a cellular defence mechanism against an OMV-associated bacterial virulence factor. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Biological assays of OMVs from the V. cholerae strain V:5/04 demonstrated that OMV-associated VCC is indeed biologically active and induces toxicity on mammalian cells and furthermore can induce autophagy.
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