ArticleMicrobiology (Reading, England)2014
Yersinia murine toxin is not required for early-phase transmission of Yersinia pestis by Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) or Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae).
Article in Microbiology (Reading, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interaction of Bacteria and Fleas, Focusing on the Plague Bacterium-A Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- A Role for Early-Phase Transmission in the Enzootic Maintenance of Plague.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Stone AgeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Acquisition of yersinia murine toxin enabled Yersinia pestis to expand the range of mammalian hosts that sustain flea-borne plague.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Plague vaccines: new developments in an ongoing search.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Yersinia pestis: the Natural History of Plague.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Comparison of the transmission efficiency and plague progression dynamics associated with two mechanisms by which fleas transmit Yersinia pestis.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- A refined model of how Yersinia pestis produces a transmissible infection in its flea vector.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Infectious blood source alters early foregut infection and regurgitative transmission of Yersinia pestis by rodent fleas.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- An integrated computational-experimental approach reveals Yersinia pestis genes essential across a narrow or a broad range of environmental conditions.BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Comparative Ability of Oropsylla montana and Xenopsylla cheopis Fleas to Transmit Yersinia pestis by Two Different Mechanisms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Ecological Opportunity, Evolution, and the Emergence of Flea-Borne Plague.Infection and immunity · 2016Review
- Infection Prevalence, Bacterial Loads, and Transmission Efficiency in Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) One Day After Exposure to Varying Concentrations of Yersinia pestis in Blood.Journal of medical entomology · 2016Article
- Feeding Behavior Modulates Biofilm-Mediated Transmission of Yersinia pestis by the Cat Flea, Ctenocephalides felis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- The Role of Early-Phase Transmission in the Spread of Yersinia pestis.Journal of medical entomology · 2015Review
- Resistance to Innate Immunity Contributes to Colonization of the Insect Gut by Yersinia pestis.PloS one · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is characterized by quiescent periods punctuated by rapidly spreading epizootics. The classical 'blocked flea' paradigm, by which a blockage forms in the flea's proventriculus on average 1-2 weeks post-infection (p.i.), forces starving fleas to take multiple blood meals, thus increasing opportunities for transmission. Recently, the importance of early-phase transmission (EPT), which occurs prior to blockage formation, has been emphasized during epizootics. Whilst the physiological and molecular mechanisms of blocked flea transmission are well characterized, the pathogen-vector interactions have not been elucidated for EPT. Within the blocked flea model, Yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) has been shown to be important for facilitating colonization of the midgut within the flea. One proposed mechanism of EPT is the regurgitation of infectious material from the flea midgut during feeding. Such a mechanism would require bacteria to colonize and survive for at least brief periods in the midgut, a process that is mediated by Ymt. Two key bridging vectors of Y. pestis to humans, Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) or Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), were used in our study to test this hypothesis. Fleas were infected with a mutant strain of Y. pestis containing a non-functional ymt that was shown previously to be incapable of colonizing the midgut and were then allowed to feed on SKH-1 mice 3 days p.i. Our results show that Ymt was not required for EPT by either flea species.
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