ArticleInternational journal of cancer2015
Wound healing-like immune program facilitates postpartum mammary gland involution and tumor progression.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abrupt involution induces inflammation, estrogenic signaling, and hyperplasia linking lack of breastfeeding with increased risk of breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Pooled it
- Dynamics, function, and regulation of mammary stem cells in development and disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Links Between Obesity and Breast Cancer Progression: Cellular Crosstalk, Metabolic Reprogramming and Microenvironmental Drivers.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding shapes a unique tumor-immune landscape in pregnancy-associated breast cancer from GEICAM-EMBARCAM study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Observational
- Postpartum breast cancer: evidence for a distinct phenotype.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Branching out: the diverse roles of stem and progenitor cells in mammary gland development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2026Review
- Article
- The Metabolic-Immune Axis: Amino Acids and Immune Cell Dynamics in Mammary Gland Development and Remodeling.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Pregnancy vs. Postpartum Breast Cancer: Distinct Tumor Biology and Survival Trends in a Contemporary Cohort.Cancers · 2025Article
- Pregnancy-associated breast cancer: gestational weight gain impact and nomogram validation.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Little women: the relevance and reliance on mouse models for mammary gland research and next steps for translation.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2025Review
- A STAT1-GBP1 axis modulates epithelial proliferation in postpartum breast tissue by repressing CDKI expression.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Macrophage Polarization Reveal Unique Phenotypes During Mouse Postpartum Uterine Remodeling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Differential ER stress responses during lactation and postpartum outcomes in mice depending on their mitochondrial genotype.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Reproductive state controls transcription in the murine liver, with implications for breast cancer liver metastasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Semaphorin7A and PD-L1 cooperatively drive immunosuppression during mammary involution and breast cancer.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Understanding Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: From Risk Factors to Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular characterization of pregnancy-associated breast cancer and insights on timing from GEICAM-EMBARCAM study.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and breast cancer in young women: current updates and future directions.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women diagnosed with breast cancer within 5 years postpartum have poor survival rates. The process of postpartum mammary gland involution, whereby the lactating gland remodels to its prepregnant state, promotes breast cancer progression in xenograft models. Macrophage influx occurs during mammary gland involution, implicating immune modulation in the promotion of postpartum breast cancer. Herein, we characterize the postpartum murine mammary gland and find an orchestrated influx of immune cells similar to that which occurs during wound healing. Further, the normal involuting gland may be in an immunosuppressed state as discerned by the transient presence of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and IL-10(+) macrophages with T cell suppressive function. To determine the influence of the postpartum immune microenvironment on mammary tumor promotion, we developed an immune-competent model. In this model, mammary tumors in the involution group are sixfold larger than nulliparous group tumors, have decreased CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltrates and contain a greater number of macrophages with the ability to inhibit T cell activation. Targeting involution with a neutralizing antibody against the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 reduces tumor growth in involution group mice but not in nulliparous mice, implicating the involution microenvironment as the primary target of αIL-10 treatment. Relevance to women is implicated, as we find postlactational human breast tissue has transient high IL-10(+) and Foxp3(+) immune cell infiltrate. These data show an immune modulated microenvironment within the normal involuting mammary gland suggestive of immunosuppression, that when targeted reduces tumor promotion, revealing possible immune-based strategies for postpartum breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.