Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25186176›Full record

ArticleScience translational medicine2014

A therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Leyuan Ma, Yi Shan, Robert Bai, Liting Xue, Christopher A Eide, Jianhong Ou, Lihua J Zhu, Lloyd Hutchinson, Jan Cerny, Hanna Jean Khoury and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science translational medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Acquired resistance to molecularly targeted therapies for cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025
    Review
  11. Mebendazole effectively overcomes imatinib resistance by dual-targeting BCR/ABL oncoprotein and β-tubulin in chronic myeloid leukemia cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2025
    Article
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20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Leyuan MaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Yi ShanDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Robert BaiHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Liting XuePrograms in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Christopher A EideHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Jianhong OuPrograms in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Lihua J ZhuPrograms in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Lloyd HutchinsonDepartment of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Jan CernyDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Hanna Jean KhouryDepartment of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Zhi ShengVirginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Brian J DrukerHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Knight Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Shaoguang LiDivision of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Michael R GreenHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Programs in Gene Function and Expression and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA. michael.green@umassmed.edu.
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USVirginia Tech · US

Funding

Identification and Characterization of Genes that Suppress BCR-ABL+ LeukemiaR01CA163926 · NCI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI GREEN, MICHAEL R · 2013 to 2017
$1.7M
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and BCR-ABL SubstratesR37CA065823 · NCI · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI DRUKER, BRIAN J · 2011 to 2015
$1.5M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS 5R37 CA65823-16NCI NIH HHS R01 CA163926NCI NIH HHS R37 CA065823
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resistance to the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) poses a major problem for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IM resistance often results from a secondary mutation in BCR-ABL that interferes with drug binding. However, in many instances, there is no mutation in BCR-ABL, and the basis of such BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance remains to be elucidated. To gain insight into BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance mechanisms, we performed a large-scale RNA interference screen and identified IM-sensitizing genes (IMSGs) whose knockdown renders BCR-ABL(+) cells IM-resistant. In these IMSG knockdown cells, RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling is sustained after IM treatment because of up-regulation of PRKCH, which encodes the protein kinase C (PKC) family member PKCη, an activator of CRAF. PRKCH is also up-regulated in samples from CML patients with BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved MEK inhibitor, synergistically kills BCR-ABL(+) IMSG knockdown cells and prolongs survival in mouse models of BCR-ABL-independent IM-resistant CML. Finally, we showed that CML stem cells contain high levels of PRKCH, and this contributes to their intrinsic IM resistance. Combined treatment with IM and trametinib synergistically kills CML stem cells with negligible effect on normal hematopoietic stem cells. Collectively, our results identify a therapeutically targetable mechanism of BCR-ABL-independent IM resistance in CML and CML stem cells.

Indexed as

Molecular Targeted TherapyAnimalsBenzamidesCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationDisease Models, AnimalDisease ProgressionDrug Resistance, NeoplasmExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesFusion Proteins, bcr-ablGene Knockdown TechniquesGenes, NeoplasmHumansImatinib MesylateLeukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL PositiveMiceBenzamidesExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesFusion Proteins, bcr-ablImatinib MesylateMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesPiperazinesProtein Kinase Cprotein kinase C etaProtein Kinase InhibitorsPyrimidinesraf KinasesRNA, Small Interfering

Identifiers

PMID25186176
PMCPMC4162097
OpenAlexW2073451994

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.