ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2014
The role of toll-like receptor 4 in corneal epithelial wound healing.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Upregulated miR-1298-5p sparks inflammatory onset and orchestrates pediatric dry eye disease progression.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Novel full-thickness biomimetic corneal model for studying pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic keratopathy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
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- Oral and transdermal administration of lipopolysaccharide safely enhances self-healing ability through the macrophage network.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Factors on Delay in Corneal Wound Healing by Nitrogen Mustard.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- AIP1 suppresses neovascularization by inhibiting the NOX4-induced NLRP3/NLRP6 imbalance in a murine corneal alkali burn model.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Xylose-Inducible Promoter Tools forApplied and environmental microbiology · 2020Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from the Immune Defense Protein CAP37 Inhibit TLR4 Activation by S100A9.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Accelerates Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Cost-utility Analysis of Opportunistic and Systematic Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Strategies from the Perspective of the Brazilian Public Healthcare System.Applied health economics and health policy · 2020Article
- Exploring the Key Genes and Pathways in the Formation of Corneal Scar Using Bioinformatics Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- Histone Methylation Mechanisms Modulate the Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Progenitors.Stem cells and development · 2019Article
- Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) restricts Zika virus replication in primary human corneal epithelial cells.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- Corneal Wound Healing Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome Delivered Within a Viscoelastic Gel Carrier.Stem cells translational medicine · 2019Article
- Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin impairs corneal epithelial wound healing and promotes intracellular bacterial invasion.Experimental eye research · 2019Article
- Klotho modulates ER-mediated signaling crosstalk between prosurvival autophagy and apoptotic cell death during LPS challenge.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe evaluated the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in corneal epithelial wound healing.
methodsThe expression of TLR4 during in vivo corneal epithelial wound healing was examined by immunostaining in mice. The expression and activation of TLR4 was studied in primary or telomerase-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). Scratch assay was performed to evaluate in vitro wound closure using live time-lapse microscopy. Transwell migration assay and Ki67 immunostaining were done to evaluate migration and proliferation, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to activate TLR4, whereas CLI-095 was used for its inhibition. The expression of inflammatory cytokines was determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. The activation of p42/44 and p38 was determined by immunoblotting.
resultsIn the murine model, TLR4 immunostaining was noted prominently in the epithelium 8 hours after wounding. There was a 4-fold increase in the expression of TLR4 6 hours after in vitro scratch wounding (P < 0.001). Confocal microscopy confirmed the membrane localization of TLR4/MD2 complex. There was a significant increase in migration, proliferation, and wound closure in HCEC treated with LPS (P < 0.05), while there was significant decrease with TLR4 inhibition (P < 0.05). Addition of LPS to wounded HCEC resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL8/IL8, and CCL5/RANTES at the mRNA and protein levels. Likewise, LPS increased the activation of p42/44 and p38 in wounded HCEC.
conclusionsThese results suggest that epithelial wounding induces the expression of functional TLR4. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling appears to contribute to early corneal epithelial wound repair by enhancing migration and proliferation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.