Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25183753›Full record

ArticlePediatrics2014

Breastfeeding and later psychosocial development of children at 6 years of age.

Jennifer N Lind, Ruowei Li, Cria G Perrine, Laura A Schieve

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Article in Pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Breastfeeding, Parenting, and Infant Attachment Behaviors.Maternal and child health journal · 2018
    Article
  15. [Breastfeeding and externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence in a birth cohort].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2018
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  20. Breastfeeding and Adult Personality.European journal of personality
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jennifer N LindEpidemic Intelligence Service, Office of Public Health Scientific Services, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, and US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, Georgia jlind@cdc.gov.
Ruowei LiDivision of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, and.
Cria G PerrineDivision of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, and US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, Georgia.
Laura A SchieveNational Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the association of breastfeeding duration with psychosocial development at 6 years of age.

methodsWe analyzed data from the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II and its 2012 Year 6 Follow-Up (N = 1442). Our breastfeeding duration variable combined overall and exclusive breastfeeding reported during infancy (never breastfed, breastfed <6 months, breastfed ≥6 months + exclusive breastfeeding <3 months, and breastfed ≥6 months + exclusive breastfeeding ≥3 months). Maternal responses to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to create our child psychosocial outcome domains (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, prosocial behavior, and total difficulties). Separate multivariable logistic regression models controlling for maternal sociodemographic characteristics, maternal mental health, and child characteristics were used to assess the likelihood of having difficulties on the 6 domains based on breastfeeding duration.

resultsCompared with children who were never breastfed, those who were breastfed for ≥6 months and exclusively breastfed for ≥3 months had decreased odds of difficulties with emotional symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27-0.99), conduct problems (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10-0.54), and total difficulties (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.85) before adjustment. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment.

conclusionsAlthough in our unadjusted analyses we observed significant associations between breastfeeding duration and later psychosocial development, including decreased odds of emotional, conduct, and total difficulties at 6 years of age, these findings were no longer detectable after adjusting for the many potential confounding factors that play a role in psychosocial development.

Indexed as

Social BehaviorAdaptation, PsychologicalBreast FeedingChildChild DevelopmentEmotionsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMalebehaviorbreastfeedingchildsocial psychologyStrengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Identifiers

PMID25183753
PMCPMC4258843

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.