ArticlePloS one2014
Mechanical stress is a pro-inflammatory stimulus in the gut: in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo evidence.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sports Dietitians Australia and Ultra Sports Science Foundation Joint Position Statement: A Practitioner Guide to the Prevention and Management of Exercise-Associated Gastrointestinal Perturbations and Symptoms.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Guideline
- Effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on gastrointestinal outcomes in healthy adults and active adults at rest and in response to exercise-A systematic literature review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS2) Expression in Healthy and Inflamed Bowel: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Rapid cyclic stretching of cultured human visceral smooth muscle cells promotes a synthetic, proinflammatory phenotype.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Optimizing Tissue Sampling Timing for Accurate Gene Expression Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Rapid cyclic stretching induces a synthetic, proinflammatory phenotype in cultured human intestinal smooth muscle, with the potential to alter signaling to adjacent bowel cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Role of mechanoregulation in mast cell-mediated immune inflammation of the smooth muscle in the pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2024Review
- Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Alleviates Th17-Mediated Inflammation via Eliminating Mechanical Stress-Induced Th17-Polarizing Cytokines in Crohn's-like Colitis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2024Article
- Deciphering variations in the endocytic uptake of a cell-penetrating peptide: the crucial role of cell culture protocols.Cytotechnology · 2023Article
- Smooth muscle dysfunction in the pre-inflammation site in stenotic Crohn's-like colitis: implication of mechanical stress in bowel dysfunction in gut inflammation.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of lymphoid depletion in bowel obstruction.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Microplastics destabilize lipid membranes by mechanical stretching.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Targeting Mechano-Transcription Process as Therapeutic Intervention in Gastrointestinal Disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals CXCLs Enriched Fibroblasts Within Odontogenic Keratocysts.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Gasdermin-d Played a Critical Role in the Cyclic Stretch-Induced Inflammatory Reaction in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.Inflammation · 2019Article
- Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis of distention-associated abdominal pain in bowel obstruction.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018Article
- Microbiota dysbiosis and its pathophysiological significance in bowel obstruction.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Plays a Critical Role in Long-term Motility Dysfunction after Bowel Obstruction.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsInflammatory infiltrates and pro-inflammatory mediators are found increased in obstructive and functional bowel disorders, in which lumen distention is present. However, what caused the low level inflammation is not well known. We tested the hypothesis that lumen distention- associated mechanical stress may induce expression of specific inflammatory mediators in gut smooth muscle.
methodsStatic mechanical stretch (18% elongation) was applied in vitro in primary culture of rat colonic circular smooth muscle cells (RCCSMCs) with a Flexercell FX-4000 Tension Plus System. Mechanical distention in vivo was induced in rats with an obstruction band placed in the distal colon.
resultsIn the primary culture of RCCSMCs, we found that static stretch significantly induced mRNA expression of iNOS, IL-6, and MCP-1 in 3 hours by 6.0(±1.4), 2.5(±0.5), and 2.2(±0.5) fold (n = 6∼8, p<0.05), respectively. However, gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 was not significantly affected by mechanical stretch. In the in vivo model of colon obstruction, we found that gene expression of iNOS, IL-6, and MCP-1 is also significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in the mechanically distended proximal segment, but not in the sham controls or distal segments. The conditioned medium from the muscle strips of the stretched proximal segment, but not the distal segment or control, significantly induced translocation and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. This treatment further increased mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the naïve cells. However, treatment of the conditioned medium from the proximal segment with neutralizing antibody against rat IL-6 significantly attenuated the activation of NF-κB and gene expression of inflammatory mediators.
conclusionsOur studies demonstrate that mechanical stress induces gene expression of inflammatory mediators i.e. iNOS, IL-6, and MCP-1 in colonic SMC. Further ex vivo study showed that mechanical stress functions as a pro-inflammatory stimulus in the gut.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.