Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25180241›Full record

SynthesisThe Journal of infectious diseases2015

Independent emergence of artemisinin resistance mutations among Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia.

Shannon Takala-Harrison, Christopher G Jacob, Cesar Arze, Michael P Cummings, Joana C Silva, Arjen M Dondorp, Mark M Fukuda, Tran Tinh Hien, Mayfong Mayxay, Harald Noedl and 35 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 282 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
282citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
58.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

282 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 442 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Functional validation of thebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  15. Humanization of Drug Metabolism in theACS infectious diseases · 2025
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222 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

45 authors at 19 institutions in 11 countries.

Shannon Takala-HarrisonHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Christopher G JacobHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Cesar ArzeInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
Michael P CummingsCenter for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park.
Joana C SilvaInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
Arjen M DondorpMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.
Mark M FukudaArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok.
Tran Tinh HienCenter for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Mayfong MayxayLao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, University of Health Sciences Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford.
Harald NoedlInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Francois NostenMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford.
Myat P KyawDepartment of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon.
Nguyen Thanh Thuy NhienCenter for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Mallika ImwongDepartment of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University.
Delia BethellArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok.
Youry SeArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences.
Chanthap LonArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences.
Stuart D TynerArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok.
David L SaundersArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok.
Frederic ArieyGGIV Unit, Parasitology and Mycology Departement.
Odile Mercereau-PuijalonParasite Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Didier MenardMalaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Paul N NewtonLao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford.
Maniphone KhanthavongCenter of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology, Vientiane, Laos.
Bouasy HongvanthongCenter of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology, Vientiane, Laos.
Peter StarzengruberInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Hans-Peter FuehrerInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Paul SwobodaInstitute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
Wasif A KhanInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Aung Pyae PhyoMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Shoklo Malaria Research Unit Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.
Myaing M NyuntHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Myat H NyuntDepartment of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon.
Tyler S BrownHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Matthew AdamsHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Christopher S PepinHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Jason BaileyHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
John C TanResearch and Development, Roche NimbleGen, Madison, Wisconsin.
Michael T FerdigEck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana.
Taane G ClarkFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health Faculty Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Olivo MiottoMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, Oxford University and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
Bronwyn MacInnisMalaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
Dominic P KwiatkowskiMRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, Oxford University and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
Nicholas J WhiteMahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit.
Pascal RingwaldDrug Resistance and Containment Unit, Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Christopher V PloweHoward Hughes Medical Institute/Center for Vaccine Development.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute · USArmed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science · THMedical University of Vienna · ATMahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit · THWellcome Sanger Institute · GBMyanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit · MMOxford University Clinical Research Unit · VNUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USUniversity of Oxford · GBInstitut Pasteur · FRInstitut Pasteur du Cambodge · KHInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDLa Roche College · USLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBMahosot Hospital · LAShoklo Malaria Research Unit · THUniversity of Maryland, College Park · USUniversity of Notre Dame · USWorld Health Organization · CH

Funding

Technology CoreU19AI110820 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI WHITE, OWEN R · 2014 to 2023
$36.5M
EXPAND PARTICIPATION BY MINORITIES IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCER25GM055036 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY · PI SUMMERS, MICHAEL FINLEY · 1996 to 2021
$16.9M
Genome-wide studies to identify markers of artemisinin-resistant malariaR01AI101713 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI HARRISON, SHANNON TAKALA · 2013 to 2016
$1.8M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMedical Research Council G0600718Medical Research Council MR/M006212/1NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI101713NIAID NIH HHS R01AI101713NIAID NIH HHS U19AI10820NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI110820NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM055036Wellcome Trust 090532Wellcome Trust 090532/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 090770Wellcome Trust 090770/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 093956Wellcome Trust 098051World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia threatens malaria treatment efficacy. Mutations in a kelch protein encoded on P. falciparum chromosome 13 (K13) have been associated with resistance in vitro and in field samples from Cambodia.

methodsP. falciparum infections from artesunate efficacy trials in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam were genotyped at 33 716 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Linear mixed models were used to test associations between parasite genotypes and parasite clearance half-lives following artesunate treatment. K13 mutations were tested for association with artemisinin resistance, and extended haplotypes on chromosome 13 were examined to determine whether mutations arose focally and spread or whether they emerged independently.

resultsThe presence of nonreference K13 alleles was associated with prolonged parasite clearance half-life (P = 1.97 × 10(-12)). Parasites with a mutation in any of the K13 kelch domains displayed longer parasite clearance half-lives than parasites with wild-type alleles. Haplotype analysis revealed both population-specific emergence of mutations and independent emergence of the same mutation in different geographic areas.

conclusionsK13 appears to be a major determinant of artemisinin resistance throughout Southeast Asia. While we found some evidence of spreading resistance, there was no evidence of resistance moving westward from Cambodia into Myanmar.

Indexed as

Drug ResistanceMutationAntimalarialsArtemisininsAsia, SoutheasternGenotypeHumansMalaria, FalciparumPlasmodium falciparumPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProtozoan ProteinsAntimalarialsartemisininArtemisininsProtozoan Proteinsartemisinin resistancekelchmalariaPlasmodium falciparumSoutheast Asia

Identifiers

PMID25180241
PMCPMC4334802
OpenAlexW2104700616

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.