ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2015
Electronic cigarette effectiveness and abuse liability: predicting and regulating nicotine flux.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems on Cigarette Abstinence in Smokers With No Plans to Quit: Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Impact of delivery rate on the acute response to intravenous nicotine: A human laboratory study with implications for regulatory science.Addiction biology · 2022Trial
- Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery system with 0, 8, or 36 mg/mL liquid nicotine versus a cigarette substitute on tobacco-related toxicant exposure: a four-arm, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2021Trial
- Twenty-four-hour subjective and pharmacological effects of ad-libitum electronic and combustible cigarette use among dual users.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Assessment of the abuse liability of three menthol Vuse Solo electronic cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes and nicotine gum.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Electronic cigarette user plasma nicotine concentration, puff topography, heart rate, and subjective effects: Influence of liquid nicotine concentration and user experience.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic assessment of electronic cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and nicotine gum: implications for abuse liability.Psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Reduced nicotine content cigarettes and use of alternative nicotine products: exploratory trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Trial
- A transdisciplinary model to inform randomized clinical trial methods for electronic cigarette evaluation.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Assessing the abuse liability of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-authorized electronic nicotine delivery systems: Impact of nicotine flux, flavor, and menthol cigarette smoking status.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Predicting nicotine emissions and plasma nicotine boost in E-cigarette users using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of freebase/protonated nicotine concentration, liquid composition and electrical power on throat hit in direct-to-lung vaping: theory and clinical measurements.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Disposable e-cigarettes and their nicotine delivery, usage pattern, and subjective effects in occasionally smoking adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of a novel oronasal-restricted nicotine vaping self-administration model in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Nicotine Dosimetry in Evaluating Electronic Cigarettes Compared to Cigarette Smoking: Implications for Tobacco Regulatory Science.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Bigger, stronger and cheaper: growth in e-cigarette market driven by disposable devices with more e-liquid, higher nicotine concentration and declining prices.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Dose by design: How limits on nicotine flux and puff duration affect the abuse liability of electronic nicotine delivery systems.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Constraining electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) nicotine dose by controlling nicotine flux at a limited puff duration.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Assessment of human abuse potential of an unflavored, sucralose-sweetened electronic cigarette in combustible cigarette smokers.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Method Development and Validation of an Aerosol Sampling Technique for the Analysis of Nicotine in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) comprise an aerosolized nicotine delivery product category that provides consumers with probably unprecedented control over extensive features and operating conditions, allowing a wide range of nicotine yields to be obtained. Depending on the combination of such ECIG variables as electrical power input, geometry, liquid composition, and puff behavior, ECIG users can extract in a few puffs far more or far less nicotine than with a conventional combustible cigarette. These features of ECIG design and use present challenges for public health policy, central among which is the question of how to regulate nicotine delivery. In this commentary, we propose a conceptual framework intended to provide a convenient approach for evaluating and regulating the nicotine emitted from ECIGs. This framework employs nicotine flux to account for the total dose and rate at which nicotine reaches the user, 2 key factors in drug abuse liability. The nicotine flux is the nicotine emitted per puff second (e.g., mg/s) by a given ECIG design under given use conditions, and it can be predicted accurately using physical principles. We speculate that if the flux is too low, users likely will abandon the device and maintain conventional tobacco product use. Also, we speculate that if the flux is too high, individuals may suffer toxic side effects and/or the device may have higher-than-necessary abuse liability. By considering ECIG design, operation conditions, liquid composition, and puff behavior variables in combination, we illustrate how ECIG specifications can be realistically mandated to result in a target flux range.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.