ReviewPublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Risk factors for osteoporosis and associated fractures.
Review in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between body mass index and osteoporosis, with consideration of sex differences: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Distinct Metabolites in Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Osteoporosis treatment using stem cell-derived exosomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Identification of Chronic Stress-Related Biomarkers for Potential Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis: An Integrated Multi-omic and Clinical Data Analysis.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- miR-613 regulates osteogenic differentiation by targeting TIMP3 in postmenopausal osteoporosis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Glyphosate exposure, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and fractures in the United States population.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2026Article
- Pathophysiology and Molecular Signalling in Osteoporosis: Linking Risk Factors to Bone Loss.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Three-Dimensional Analysis of Facial Skeleton Textures in CBCT as an Early Warning Sign of Osteoporosis-A Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Non-HDL to HDL cholesterol ratio as a potential biomarker for osteoporosis: A cross-sectional national population study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality with osteoporosis recorded as the underlying cause of death among adults aged 65 years and older in the United States, 1999-2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Research progress on the regulation of miRNAs in diabetic kidney disease and osteoporosis.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2026Review
- Unraveling Jawbone Susceptibility: Distinctive Features Underlying Medication-Related Osteonecrosis.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- The role of the infrapatellar fat pad in osteoporotic knee osteoarthritis: bone-fat crosstalk: cross-sectional studies.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Internal validation of an 11-yr prediction model for new vertebral fractures using the vertebral bone quality score: a prospective cohort study.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Review
- Post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation trauma: retrospective analysis of skeletal and visceral injuries in autopsy findings.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Association between age-related macular degeneration and osteoporosis in US.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Leveraging Nanoscience and Strategic Delivery for the Expedition of Osteoporosis.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies for estrogen deficiency-related and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a comprehensive review.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Predictive modelling of knee osteoporosis.BMC research notes · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Established risk factors for osteoporosis and associated fractures are increasing age, female sex, white race, removal of the ovaries at an early age, prolonged immobility, and prolonged use of corticosteroids. Obesity and use of estrogen replacement therapy are protective. Factors that probably or possibly increase risk in postmenopausal white women include a low calcium intake, cigarette smoking, and, at least for hip fractures, use of long half-life psychotrophic drugs and heavy alcohol consumption. Factors probably or possibly associated with a decreased risk include ingestion of vitamin D and its metabolites, fluoride levels of 2 ppm or more in drinking water, moderate physical activity, pregnancies and breast feeding, use of thiazide diuretics, and progestogens. Some evidence suggests that calcium intake and physical activity at young ages may be important determinants of peak bone mass. Few studies have been undertaken in males and blacks, although at least some risk factors in males may be similar to those in females. Preventive efforts may be aimed at increasing peak bone mass at young ages, preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women, and preventing fractures and their adverse consequences in older people with osteoporosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
2517695PMC1580372W2338969549What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.