ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2015
The immune tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection: new perspectives on an old concept.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02505009 (Efficacy of HBV Therapeutic Vaccine in Consolidation of Nucleos), which is not on this map. Cited by 101 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of HBV Therapeutic Vaccine in Consolidation of Nucleos(t)Ide Analogues Therapy: a Pilot Study
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed.
- Memory Regulatory T cells Increase Only In Inflammatory Phase of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and Related to Galectin-9/Tim-3 interaction.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Combining antiviral therapy with cancer treatment in HBV-associated HCC: A translational approach.Virus research · 2026Review
- Activation of the Jak2/Stat3 pathway by ROS-dependent signaling cascades initiates hepatitis B virus-induced hepatic inflammatory responses.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Challenges in the Management of Hepatitis B Among Children and Adolescents: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- A large cohort analysis of metabolic signatures underlying the liver-eye axis.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- HIV dominates T-cell immune responses in HIV-HBV co-infection and is associated with increased HIV reservoir transcription.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: HBx-associated epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Pegylated Interferon-based Treatment Improves Response Rates in Immune-tolerant Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Prospective Trial.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- Indeterminate Phase/Grey Zone of Chronic Hepatitis B: Clinical Features, Outcomes and Molecular Insights.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- Protein quality control and antigen presentation in the development of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- High HBsAg clearance rate and viral dynamics in HBeAg-positive, ALT-normal children and adolescents with chronic HBV infection: results from the prospective sprout project.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Scientific and medical evidence informing expansion of hepatitis B treatment guidelines.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Cumulative Hepatitis B Surface Antigen/Hepatitis B Virus DNA Ratio in Immune-tolerant Hepatitis B Patients: A 10-year Follow-up Study.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal observation of chronic domestic cat hepadnavirus infection in cats with evidence of extrahepatic involvement.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a new predictive model for the immune tolerance stage of chronic HBV infection based on the liver histopathological changes.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on patients with hepatitis B virus infection.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Review
- Existing problems and new advice on stage criteria of natural history for chronic hepatitis B.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Review
- HBV-Induced Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, Correlation With Viral Suppression, and Implications for Treatment.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Review
- Surveillance Following Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss: An Issue Requiring Attention.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection progresses through distinct disease phases that are strongly associated with patient age. The so-called immune tolerant (IT) phase represents the classical early phase of infection; it is associated with high levels of HBV replication and lack of clinical signs of liver Inflammation. Whether this phase of HBV infection is also associated with immunological features of "tolerance' has recently been challenged. Here, we review the data that dispute this concept of immune tolerance and then propose an alternative interpretation of the immunopathological events that take place during this early phase of CHB infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.