ArticleOncology reports2014
Suppression of PMA-induced tumor cell invasion and migration by ginsenoside Rg1 via the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expression.
Article in Oncology reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Integrated Strategy for Decoding Bioactive Components and Mechanism of Jingtong Granules: Chemical Characterization, Network Analysis, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies.Biomedical chromatography : BMC · 2026Article
- Ginsenosides fromJournal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the anti-tumor effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 in glioblastoma.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-EMT Activity of Wild Ginseng Adventitious Root Extract in MDA-MB-231 TNBC Cells: Association with GSK-3β/β-Catenin Signaling.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in the Pathogenesis of Epithelial Differentiation, Vascular Disease, Endometriosis, and Ocular Fibrotic Pterygium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The secretome from human-derived mesenchymal stem cells augments the activity of antitumor plant extracts in vitro.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2024Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 Induces Autophagy in Colorectal Cancer through Inhibition of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K Pathway.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic effect of notoginseng saponins before and after fermentation on blood deficiency rats.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Gold Nanoparticles Downregulate IL-6 Expression/Production by Upregulating microRNA-26a-5p and Deactivating the RelA and NF-κBp50 Transcription Pathways in Activated Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes β‑amyloid peptide degradation through inhibition of the ERK/PPARγ phosphorylation pathway in an Alzheimer's disease neuronal model.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Structural Characters and Pharmacological Activity of Protopanaxadiol-Type Saponins and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins from Ginseng.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Review
- The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Using CADD tools to inhibit the overexpressed genes FAP, FN1, and MMP1 by repurposing ginsenoside C and Rg1 as a treatment for oral cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Ginsenoside Rg1 as a promising adjuvant agent for enhancing the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by noradrenaline.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Ginsenoside Rb1 fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ginsenoside Rh4 Suppresses Metastasis of Gastric Cancer via SIX1-Dependent TGF-β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Ginsenoside Rh4 Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation by Inducing Ferroptosis via Autophagy Activation.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Anti-cancer effect and potential microRNAs targets of ginsenosides against breast cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Anti-Metastatic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition by Ginsenosides.Biomedicines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ginseng has become one of the most commonly used alternative herbal medicines, and its active component, ginsenoside Rg1 has known pharmacological effects, including anticancer properties. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on metastasis have yet to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of ginsenoside Rg1 to suppress phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced invasion and migration in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were treated with ginsenoside Rg1 and incubated with or without PMA. The protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was analyzed using Transwell and wound‑healing assays and western blotting. The results showed that suppression was associated with the reduced secretion of MMP-9, a key metastatic enzyme. MMP-9 levels were regulated transcriptionally and correlated with the suppression of NF-κB phosphorylation and DNA binding activity. Conversely, ginsenoside Rg1 did not affect MMP-2 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA levels, or the activation of AP-1, suggesting a specificity of pathway inhibition. Inhibition of NF‑κB activation by p65 small‑interfering RNA (siRNA) was shown to suppress PMA-induced cell invasion and migration. The siRNA studies also showed that PMA-induced MMP-9 expression is NF-κB-dependent. The results suggested that the anticancer properties of ginsenoside Rg1 may derive from its ability to inhibit invasion and migration, and that these processes are regulated in breast cancer cells through the NF-κB‑mediated regulation of MMP-9 expression.
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