ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2014
Detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis A virus and norovirus outbreaks.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
225 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Wastewater surveillance of rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis a virus in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Recent progress on wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 surveillance: A systematic review of analytical procedures and epidemiological modeling.The Science of the total environment · 2023Pooled it
- Wastewater surveillance to infer COVID-19 transmission: A systematic review.The Science of the total environment · 2022Pooled it
- Wastewater Surveillance to Track Resurgent Measles Outbreak, Ontario, Canada, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Laboratory Assessment of Wastewater as Surveillance Tool for West Nile Virus, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Research Advances and Future Perspectives of Point-of-Care Detection Technologies and Biosensors for Mosquito-Borne Viruses.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Toward a quality-managed operational architecture for wastewater surveillance of zoonotic and emerging pathogens.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Simplified Inhouse Nanoweb Membrane Enrichment Coupled Viral Whole Genome Shotgun Metagenomics Approach for Waste Water Surveillance.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Wastewater surveillance as an early warning indicator for norovirus: Validating wastewater signals against clinical indicators in British Columbia, Canada, 2021-2025.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Economic evaluation of wastewater surveillance in Ontario, Canada, using COVID-19 as a case study.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 wastewater genomic surveillance: approaches, challenges, and opportunities.Genome biology · 2026Review
- Assessing the sensitivity and predictive value of wastewater in detection of Hepatitis A cases in San Diego County.PloS one · 2026Article
- Incidence and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the municipal wastewaters of the Buffalo City region, Eastern Cape, South Africa.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Distinct distribution of HEV-3 subtypes across humans, animals, and environmental waters in Sweden.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Seasonal patterns of viromes in urban aquatic environments of Manitoba.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Surveillance of Japanese encephalitis virus in piggery effluent and environmental samples: a complementary tool for outbreak detection.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Assess the Variability and Robustness of an Aluminum-Based Adsorption-Precipitation Method for Virus Detection in Wastewater Samples.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Wastewater and Clinical Based Epidemiology for Viral Surveillance in the Nile Delta of Egypt.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Wastewater Metavirome Diversity: Exploring Replicate Inconsistencies and Bioinformatic Tool Disparities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Wastewater Speaks: Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance, Sampling Methods, and Seasonal Infection Trends on a University Campus.Microorganisms · 2025Article
165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most persons infected with enterically transmitted viruses shed large amounts of virus in feces for days or weeks, both before and after onset of symptoms. Therefore, viruses causing gastroenteritis may be detected in wastewater, even if only a few persons are infected. In this study, the presence of eight pathogenic viruses (norovirus, astrovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, Aichi virus, parechovirus, hepatitis A virus [HAV], and hepatitis E virus) was investigated in sewage to explore whether their identification could be used as an early warning of outbreaks. Samples of the untreated sewage were collected in proportion to flow at Ryaverket, Gothenburg, Sweden. Daily samples collected during every second week between January and May 2013 were pooled and analyzed for detection of viruses by concentration through adsorption to milk proteins and PCR. The largest amount of noroviruses was detected in sewage 2 to 3 weeks before most patients were diagnosed with this infection in Gothenburg. The other viruses were detected at lower levels. HAV was detected between weeks 5 and 13, and partial sequencing of the structural VP1protein identified three different strains. Two strains were involved in an ongoing outbreak in Scandinavia and were also identified in samples from patients with acute hepatitis A in Gothenburg during spring of 2013. The third strain was unique and was not detected in any patient sample. The method used may thus be a tool to detect incipient outbreaks of these viruses and provide early warning before the causative pathogens have been recognized in health care.
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