Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25172555›Full record

ReviewBrain, behavior, and immunity2015

The blood-brain barrier in neuroimmunology: Tales of separation and assimilation.

W A Banks

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
156citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

156 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 261 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. The microbiota-proteostasis axis: implications in neurodegenerative diseases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
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  20. Neuroimmune interactions in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026
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96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

W A BanksGeriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States. Electronic address: wabanks1@uw.edu.
University of Washington · US

Funding

Oxidative Dysfunction of LRP at the Blood-brain Barrier in Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG029839 · NIA · SEATTLE INST FOR BIOMEDICAL/CLINICAL RES · PI BANKS, WILLIAM A · 2008 to 2012
$1.7M
Mitochondrial Carbonic Anhydrases and Diabetic Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption R01DK083485 · NIDDK · SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY · PI BANKS, WILLIAM A, SHAH, GUL NASREEN · 2011 to 2014
$1.3M
NIA NIH HHS R0-1 AG029834NIA NIH HHS R01 AG029839NIDDK NIH HHS R0-1 DK083485NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK083485NINDS NIH HHS NS051134
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroimmunology is concerned with the relations between the central nervous and immune systems and with the mechanisms that drive those relations. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) employs mechanisms that both separate and connect these two systems. In fact, the relative immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) is largely attributable to the BBB's ability to prevent the unregulated exchange of immune cells and their secretions between the CNS and blood. Having separated the two systems, the BBB then participates in mechanisms that allow them to influence, communicate, and interact with one another. Likewise, the BBB itself is influenced by immune events that are occurring in the periphery and in the CNS so that these three components (the BBB, the immune system, and the CNS) form neuroimmune axes that adapt to physiological and pathological conditions. To date, four major themes have emerged by which the BBB participates in these neuroimmune axes. The first of these four, the formation of the barrier, acts to separate the immune and central nervous systems. The other three themes provide mechanisms for re-establishing communication: response of the BBB to immunomodulatory molecules (e.g., prostaglandins, cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide) secreted by immune and CNS cells; the controlled, regulated exchange of chemokines, cytokines, and immune cells between the CNS and the blood (i.e., transport across the BBB); the secretion of immunomodulatory molecules by the BBB, often in a polarized fashion. Taken together, these mechanisms reveal the BBB to be a dynamic, interactive, and adaptable interface between the immune system and the CNS, separating them on the one hand and fostering their interactions on the other hand, adjusting to physiological changes, while being a target for disease processes. This review examines specific examples by which the BBB plays an interactive, defining role in neuroimmunology.

Indexed as

NeuroimmunomodulationAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierCytokinesHumansNitric OxideProstaglandinsCytokinesNitric OxideProstaglandinsBlood-brain barrierBrain endothelial cellCentral nervous systemCytokineImmune cellsNeuroimmunologyPericyte

Identifiers

PMID25172555
PMCPMC4275374
OpenAlexW2058148996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.