Observational studyPediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology2014
Maternal hookworm modifies risk factors for childhood eczema: results from a birth cohort in Uganda.
Observational study in Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cohort profile: the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBS).BMJ open · 2026Trial
- Effects of treating helminths during pregnancy and early childhood on risk of allergy-related outcomes: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2017Trial
- Global Asthma Disparities: Deciphering the Multifaceted Environmental Exposome Between Eastern and Western Populations.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and predisposing factors of hookworm infection and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Multiple overlapping risk factors for childhood wheeze among children in Benin.European journal of medical research · 2022Article
- The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Article
- Impact of early life geohelminths on wheeze, asthma and atopy in Ecuadorian children at 8 years.Allergy · 2021Observational
- Allergen skin test reactivity and asthma are inversely associated with ratios of IgG4/IgE and total IgE/allergen-specific IgE in Ugandan communities.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- Prevalence of hookworm infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at governmental health centers in DEMBECHA district, north West Ethiopia, 2017.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Hookworm Infection among Pregnant Women at First Antenatal Visit in Lira, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of reproductive medicine · 2020Article
- Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University - Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme.AAS open research · 2020Article
- Parasites and allergy: Observations from Africa.Parasite immunology · 2019Review
- Understanding the Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in Africa and the Middle East.Dermatology and therapy · 2019Review
- Pre-conception maternal helminth infection transfers via nursing long-lasting cellular immunity against helminths to offspring.Science advances · 2019Article
- Effect of Early-Life Geohelminth Infections on the Development of Wheezing at 5 Years of Age.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2018Article
- Schistosoma mansoni-specific immune responses and allergy in Uganda.Parasite immunology · 2018Article
- Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Tropical Australia and Asia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2017Review
- Life-course of atopy and allergy-related disease events in tropical sub-Saharan Africa: A birth cohort study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWorms may protect against allergy. Early-life worm exposure may be critical, but this has not been fully investigated.
objectivesTo investigate whether worms in pregnancy and in early childhood are associated with childhood eczema incidence.
methodsThe Entebbe Mother and Baby Study, an anthelminthic treatment trial, enrolled pregnant women between 2003 and 2005 in Uganda. Mothers were investigated for worms during pregnancy and children annually. Eczema was doctor-diagnosed from birth to age five years. A planned observational analysis was conducted within the trial cohort to investigate associations between worms and eczema.
resultsData for 2345 live-born children were analysed. Hookworm was the most prevalent maternal worm (45%). Childhood worms were less prevalent. Eczema incidence was 4.68/100 person-years. Maternal hookworm was associated with reduced eczema incidence [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval), p-value: 0.71(0.51-0.99), 0.04] and modified effects of known risk factors for eczema: Dermatophagoides-specific IgE in children was positively associated with eczema incidence if the mother had no hookworm [2.72(1.11-6.63), 0.03], but not if the mother had hookworm [0.41(0.10-1.69), 0.22], interaction p-value = 0.03. Similar interactions were seen for maternal history of eczema {[2.87(1.31-6.27, 0.008) vs. [0.73(0.23-2.30), 0.60], interaction p-value = 0.05}, female gender {[1.82(1.22-2.73), 0.004 vs. [0.96(0.60-1.53), 0.87], interaction p-value = 0.04} and allergen-specific IgE. Childhood Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were inversely associated with eczema.
conclusionsMaternal hookworm modifies effects of known risk factors for eczema. Mechanisms by which early-life worm exposures influence allergy need investigation. Worms or worm products, and intervention during pregnancy have potential for primary prevention of allergy.
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