ArticlePloS one2014
Calprotectin and lactoferrin faecal levels in patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI): a prospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04491799 (Fecal Calprotectin Level in Differentiating Between Inflammatory and Non-inflammatory Diarrhea in Patients With Nosocomial Diarrhea), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fecal Calprotectin Level in Differentiating Between Inflammatory and Non-inflammatory Diarrhea in Patients With Nosocomial Diarrhea
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- The value of fecal calprotectin inFrontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Biomarkers for Early Severity Prediction inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Sepsis associated with Clostridioides difficile infection carries similar mortality to sepsis of other origin: a propensity score-matched analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Diagnosis ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Fecal calprotectin in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases: Pros and cons.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Predictive value of fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin levels for negative outcomes in Clostridioides difficile infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Guidance for C. difficile Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Microbiome profile and calprotectin levels as markers of risk of recurrentFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Clostridioides difficile Infection in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinician's Dilemma.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2021Article
- Faecal Inflammatory Biomarkers and Gastrointestinal Symptoms after Bariatric Surgery: A Longitudinal Study.Inflammatory intestinal diseases · 2021Article
- Usefulness of Fecal Calprotectin in the Management of Patients with ToxigenicJournal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Defining the black box: a narrative review of factors associated with adverse outcomes from severeTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Relationship between faecal metronidazole and lactoferrin concentrations to clinical response of patients with Clostridioides difficile.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Fecal Lactoferrin and Other Stool Markers during Normal Pregnancy and in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Prospective Study and Review of the Literature.Inflammatory intestinal diseases · 2020Article
- Investigation of Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal Calprotectin in Non-Toxigenic and ToxigenicMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Fecal calprotectin concentrations in cancer patients with Clostridium difficile infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018Article
- Fecal Host Transcriptomics for Non-Invasive Human Mucosal Immune Profiling: Proof of Concept inPathogens & immunity · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Measurement of both calprotectin and lactoferrin in faeces has successfully been used to discriminate between functional and inflammatory bowel conditions, but evidence is limited for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We prospectively recruited a cohort of 164 CDI cases and 52 controls with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). Information on disease severity, duration of symptoms, 30-day mortality and 90-day recurrence as markers of complicated CDI were recorded. Specimens were subject to microbiological culture and PCR-ribotyping. Levels of faecal calprotectin (FC) and lactoferrin (FL) were measured by ELISA. Statistical analysis was conducted using percentile categorisation. ROC curve analysis was employed to determine optimal cut-off values. Both markers were highly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.74) and elevated in cases compared to controls (p<0.0001; ROC>0.85), although we observed a large amount of variability across both groups. The optimal case-control cut-off point was 148 mg/kg for FC and 8.1 ng/µl for FL. Median values for FL in CDI cases were significantly greater in patients suffering from severe disease compared to non-severe disease (104.6 vs. 40.1 ng/µl, p = 0.02), but were not significant for FC (969.3 vs. 512.7 mg/kg, p = 0.09). Neither marker was associated with 90-day recurrence, prolonged CDI symptoms, positive culture results and colonisation by ribotype 027. Both FC and FL distinguished between CDI cases and AAD controls. Although FL was associated with disease severity in CDI patients, this showed high inter-individual variability and was an isolated finding. Thus, FC and FL are unlikely to be useful as biomarkers of complicated CDI disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.