ReviewJournal of public health research2013
Prevalence of gastrointestinal pathogens in developed and developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Journal of public health research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing duration of acute infectious diarrhea in pediatric patients in developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- High-dose multi-strain Bacillus probiotics enhance treatment and reduce antibiotic usage in children with persistent diarrhea through immune and microbiota modulation.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Promising clinical and immunological efficacy of Bacillus clausii spore probiotics for supportive treatment of persistent diarrhea in children.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Burden of gastrointestinal illness in Sweden-SMS as a tool for collecting self-reported gastrointestinal illness.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Trial
- Optimization of stool culture protocol in a tertiary hospital in Bangkok, Thailand: a prospective cohort study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal pathogens in paediatric patients with diarrhoea during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: a multicentre molecular-based prospective study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Association of IL-10 promoter and IL-12 gene polymorphisms with the risk of symptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Adherent-InvasiveMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD)-A Single-Center Experience of Epidemiology, Management, and Outcome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Using metagenomics and whole-genome sequencing to characterize enteric pathogens across various sources in Africa.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Prevalence ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Global trends, age-period-cohort analysis, and future projections of diarrhea burden: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Biosafety and health · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics ofFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Spatial-Temporal Patterns in the Enteric Pathogen Contamination of Soil in the Public Environments of Low- and Middle-Income Neighborhoods in Nairobi, Kenya.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A scoping review of modifiable and behavioural drivers of infectious gastroenteritis among children in high-income countries.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Detection of Human Adenovirus and Rotavirus in Wastewater in Lusaka, Zambia: Demonstrating the Utility of Environmental Surveillance for the Community.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
abstractDiarrhoeal illness is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are no precise or current estimates of the types and prevalence of pathogens associated with diarrheal illnesses in developed and developing settings. This systematic review assessed data from 60 studies published in the English language from five developing regions and developed countries worldwide to provide regional estimates of enteric pathogens affecting children. The random-effect method was used to establish the weighted average prevalence of pathogens in adults and children for each region. Significantly more pathogens were reported by studies from developing regions compared with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries (P<0.016). The identification rates of pathogens from community based and hospital based studies were similar (58.5% and 58.1% respectively, P<0.619). The overall detection of enteric pathogens in developing countries was higher in adults (74.8%; 95% CI 63.1-83.8%) compared with children (56.7%; 95% CI 53.0-60.4%) (P<0.001). Rotavirus was the most frequently detected pathogen in all regions with the highest rate, 24.8% (95% CI 18.0-33.1%), detected in the developed countries. This systematic review is the first to provide an estimate of the prevalence of enteric pathogens associated with diarrhoeal illnesses in adults and children in developed and developing settings. While pathogen detection rate is greater in developing regions the consistently high prevalence of rotavirus in both developed and developing settings underscores the urgent need for access to rotavirus vaccines. Increased travel between developing and developed countries increases disease risk, and hence developed countries have a vested interest in supporting vaccine accessibility in developing settings.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.