ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2014
Targeted enhancement of cortical-hippocampal brain networks and associative memory.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 9 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 309 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker of rTMS
Modulation of Episodic Memory Using Theta Burst Stimulation (TBS)
Individualized Precise Localization of rTMS on Primary Motor Area and Its Effects on Basal Ganglia
Individualized Precise Localization of rTMS on Precentral and Parietal Gyrus and Its Effects on Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Stimulation of Parieto-hippocampal Connectivity in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Prospective, Randomized, Evaluator-blind, Single Center Study on the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Task-dependent Effects of TMS on the Neural Biomarkers of Episodic Memory
Noninvasive Temporal Interference Stimulation: An Approach for Modulating Associative Memory by Targeting Deep-brain Targets
Neuromodulation of Brain Function in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias
Who cites it
309 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 630 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Evidence Certainty of High-Frequency rTMS for Cognitive Impairment Across Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An Umbrella Review.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- A meta-analysis suggests that TMS targeting the hippocampal network selectively improves episodic memory.eLife · 2026Pooled it
- Consistent cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar activation in early motor sequence learning: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of rTMS on different targets in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive and Neuropathophysiological Outcomes of Gamma-tACS in Dementia: A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Cognitive Effects Following Offline High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) in Healthy Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on resting-state connectivity: A systematic review.NeuroImage · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of rTMS effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of aging · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognition through sleep slow-wave activity in older adults.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Comparative efficacy of dual- vs. single-node tACS in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: behavioral and EEG evidence.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- 40 Hz biparietal transcranial alternating current stimulation for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective study.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Left Parietal Lobe Improves Post-Stroke Memory Impairment: An fNIRS Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Transcranial alternating current stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex enhances episodic memory consolidation.Experimental brain research · 2026Trial
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alters Brain Communication Networks to Improve the Cognitive Function in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment - A Clinical Trial.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Trial
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Treatment Reduces Variability in Brain Function in Schizophrenia: Data From a Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Trial
- Gamma-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation over the left posterior parietal cortex enhances the long-term retention of associative memory.Experimental brain research · 2025Trial
- Function-Specific Localization in the Supplementary Motor Area: A Potential Effective Target for Tourette Syndrome.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effectiveness of Personalized Hippocampal Network-Targeted Stimulation in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
249 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The influential notion that the hippocampus supports associative memory by interacting with functionally distinct and distributed brain regions has not been directly tested in humans. We therefore used targeted noninvasive electromagnetic stimulation to modulate human cortical-hippocampal networks and tested effects of this manipulation on memory. Multiple-session stimulation increased functional connectivity among distributed cortical-hippocampal network regions and concomitantly improved associative memory performance. These alterations involved localized long-term plasticity because increases were highly selective to the targeted brain regions, and enhancements of connectivity and associative memory persisted for ~24 hours after stimulation. Targeted cortical-hippocampal networks can thus be enhanced noninvasively, demonstrating their role in associative memory.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.