ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2015
Bacterial spectrum of spontaneously ruptured otitis media in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Germany.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in children ≤5 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pneumococcal serotype distribution: A snapshot of recent data in pediatric and adult populations around the world.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- Review
- Incidence of pneumococcal disease in children in Germany, 2014-2019: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease among individuals aged 16 years and older in Germany.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Incidence of acute otitis media in children < 16 years old in Germany during 2014-2019.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Bacterial Spectrum of Spontaneously Ruptured Otitis Media in a 7-Year, Longitudinal, Multicenter, Epidemiological Cross-Sectional Study in Germany.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- A longitudinal hospital-based epidemiology study to assess acute otitis media incidence and nasopharyngeal carriage in Korean children up to 24 months.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Panel 7 - Pathogenesis of otitis media - a review of the literature between 2015 and 2019.International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2020Review
- Article
- Changes in the serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing otitis media after PCV13 introduction in Spain.PloS one · 2018Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from patients presenting with ear, nose and throat (ENT) infections in the German community healthcare setting.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Article
- Rates of pneumonia among children and adults with chronic medical conditions in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledOtitis media is a common pediatric disease and the main reason for antibiotic prescription in children. Before implementation of routine childhood pneumococcal vaccination in Germany, serotypes contained in the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) were among the most frequent pneumococcal serotypes responsible for acute otitis media (AOM). This report describes the first 3 years of a prospective, multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study examining the bacteriology of middle ear fluids (MEF) and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) of children 2 months to 5 years of age with spontaneously perforated AOM in the era of routine pneumococcal vaccination. MEF was obtained from 963 subjects; NPS from 877. Reported case numbers steeply decreased over the three study years even though the recruiting base remained the same. Among subjects with relevant bacterial growth in their MEF swabs, 113 (11.7%) had Streptococcus pyogenes, 97 (10.1%) Staphylococcus aureus, 88 (9.1%) Streptococcus pneumoniae, 63 (6.5%) Haemophilus influenzae, and 8 (0.8%) Moraxella catarrhalis. S. pneumoniae isolates decreased from 41 (9.3%) in year 1 to 12 (5.7%) in year 3 (p = 0.128). PCV7 serotypes accounted for only 7.9% (n = 7) of isolated pneumococci. Of the 877 subjects with NPS cultures, 465 (53.0%) carried S. pneumoniae, 314 (35.8%) H. influenzae, 292 (33.3%) M. catarrhalis, and 110 (12.5%) S. pyogenes; 79.4% (n = 765) of the children were vaccinated with at least one dose of PCV. Carriage of pneumococci was slightly lower in vaccinated (47.8%) than in unvaccinated (52.7%) children (p = 0.254). PCV7 serotypes were carried by 9.6% of unvaccinated children but by only 4.2% of vaccinated children, resulting in a 56.3% vaccine effectiveness.
conclusionsFollowing universal PCV7 immunization, a clear epidemiological impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination was observed as PCV7 serotypes have almost disappeared among AOM.
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