Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25168685›Full record

Trial reportNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2015

Investing in the future: stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex reduces discounting of delayed rewards.

Sang Soo Cho, Yuko Koshimori, Kelly Aminian, Ignacio Obeso, Pablo Rusjan, Anthony E Lang, Zafiris J Daskalakis, Sylvain Houle, Antonio P Strafella

Open access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Trial
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  14. Mechanisms of Action of TMS in the Treatment of Depression.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024
    Review
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  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics: Recent progress and ongoing challenges.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science · 2022
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Sang Soo Cho1] Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Yuko Koshimori1] Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kelly Aminian1] Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ignacio Obeso1] Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Pablo RusjanResearch Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anthony E LangMovement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Zafiris J DaskalakisTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sylvain HouleResearch Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Antonio P Strafella1] Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, UHN, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON, Canada [3] Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAToronto Western Hospital · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research MOP 110962
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Generally, rewards that are received sooner are often preferred over future rewards, and the time between the choice and the reception of the reward is an important factor that influences our decisions, a phenomenon called delay discounting (DD). In DD, the medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) and striatal dopamine neurotransmission both play an important role. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to transiently activate the MePFC to evaluate its behavioral effect on the DD paradigm, and subsequently to measure its effect on striatal dopamine. Twenty-four right-handed young healthy subjects (11 females; age: 22.1±2.9 years) underwent DD following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex stimulation (control condition). Thereafter, 11 subjects (5 females; age: 22.2±2.87 years) completed the PET study at rest using [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex. Modulation of the MePFC excitability influenced the subjective level of DD for delayed rewards and interfered with synaptic dopamine level in the striatum. The present study yielded findings that might reconcile the role of these areas in inter-temporal decision making and dopamine modulation, suggesting that the subjective sense of time and value of reward are critically controlled by these important regions.

Indexed as

RewardTranscranial Magnetic StimulationCarbon RadioisotopesCorpus StriatumDelay DiscountingDopamineFemaleFunctional NeuroimagingHumansMaleOxazinesPositron-Emission TomographyPrefrontal CortexYoung AdultCarbon RadioisotopesDopaminenaxagolideOxazines

Identifiers

PMID25168685
PMCPMC4289950
OpenAlexW2005247988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.