ArticleVirology journal2014
Influenza polymerase encoding mRNAs utilize atypical mRNA nuclear export.
Article in Virology journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influenza A virus RNA localisation and the interceding trafficking pathways of the host cell.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- A statistical framework for quantifying the nuclear export rate of influenza viral mRNAs.eLife · 2025Article
- Functional Analysis of GRSF1 in the Nuclear Export and Translation of Influenza A Virus mRNAs.Viruses · 2024Article
- Viral-host interactions during splicing and nuclear export of influenza virus mRNAs.Current opinion in virology · 2022Review
- Strength in Diversity: Nuclear Export of Viral RNAs.Viruses · 2020Review
- Model-based approach for predicting the impact of genetic modifications on product yield in biopharmaceutical manufacturing-Application to influenza vaccine production.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- Chemical intervention of influenza virus mRNA nuclear export.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Article
- RNA regulatory processes in RNA virus biology.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2019Review
- Model-based analysis of influenza A virus replication in genetically engineered cell lines elucidates the impact of host cell factors on key kinetic parameters of virus growth.PLoS computational biology · 2019Article
- Effects of mutations in the effector domain of influenza A virus NS1 protein.BMC research notes · 2018Article
- Multiple nuclear-replicating viruses require the stress-induced protein ZC3H11A for efficient growth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018Article
- Host Factor Nucleoporin 93 Is Involved in the Nuclear Export of Influenza Virus RNA.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Promotes Efficient Nuclear Export of Unspliced Viral M1 mRNA.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Selective incorporation of vRNP into influenza A virions determined by its specific interaction with M1 protein.Virology · 2017Article
- The role of TREX in gene expression and disease.The Biochemical journal · 2016Review
- Influenza A Virus Polymerase Recruits the RNA Helicase DDX19 to Promote the Nuclear Export of Viral mRNAs.Scientific reports · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza is a segmented negative strand RNA virus. Each RNA segment is encapsulated by influenza nucleoprotein and bound by the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) to form viral ribonucleoproteins responsible for RNA synthesis in the nucleus of the host cell. Influenza transcription results in spliced mRNAs (M2 and NS2), intron-containing mRNAs (M1 and NS1), and intron-less mRNAs (HA, NA, NP, PB1, PB2, and PA), all of which undergo nuclear export into the cytoplasm for translation. Most cellular mRNA nuclear export is Nxf1-mediated, while select mRNAs utilize Crm1.
methodsHere we inhibited Nxf1 and Crm1 nuclear export prior to infection with influenza A/Udorn/307/1972(H3N2) virus and analyzed influenza intron-less mRNAs using cellular fractionation and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We examined direct interaction between Nxf1 and influenza intron-less mRNAs using immuno purification of Nxf1 and RT-PCR of associated RNA.
resultsInhibition of Nxf1 resulted in less influenza intron-less mRNA export into the cytoplasm for HA and NA influenza mRNAs in both human embryonic kidney cell line (293 T) and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). However, in 293 T cells no change was observed for mRNAs encoding the components of the viral ribonucleoproteins; NP, PA, PB1, and PB2, while in A549 cells, only PA, PB1, and PB2 mRNAs, encoding the RdRP, remained unaffected; NP mRNA was reduced in the cytoplasm. In A549 cells NP, NA, HA, mRNAs were found associated with Nxf1 but PA, PB1, and PB2 mRNAs were not. Crm1 inhibition also resulted in no significant difference in PA, PB1, and PB2 mRNA nuclear export.
conclusionsThese results further confirm Nxf1-mediated nuclear export is functional during the influenza life cycle and hijacked for select influenza mRNA nuclear export. We reveal a cell type difference for Nxf1-mediated nuclear export of influenza NP mRNA, a reminder that cell type can influence molecular mechanisms. Importantly, we conclude that in both A549 and 293 T cells, PA, PB1, and PB2 mRNA nuclear export is Nxf1 and Crm1 independent. Our data support the hypothesis that PA, PB1, and PB2 mRNAs, encoding the influenza RdRP, utilize atypical mRNA nuclear export.
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