ReviewClinical cardiology2014
Stroke and bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation: navigating the alphabet soup of risk-score acronyms (CHADS2 , CHA2 DS2 -VASc, R2 CHADS2 , HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and more).
Review in Clinical cardiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The HAS-BLED Score for Predicting Major Bleeding Risk in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2015Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk Associated With Pulse Pressure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Left atrium incisure curvature: an indicator for predicting atrial fibrillation-related cardioembolism.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Association between atrial fibrillation and gastrointestinal bleeding: pathophysiology, risk stratification, and management - a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Predicting the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation using heterogeneous drug-protein-disease network-based deep learning.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Prediction models for ischemic stroke and bleeding in dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Consequences of the Poor Anticoagulation Control of Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Vitamin K Antagonists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Expectations for MIRACLE-AF: Ensuring Guideline-Recommended AF Treatment Strategy Is More Than Pie in the Sky.JACC. Asia · 2024Article
- Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients receiving oral anticoagulants for the treatment of non-valvular atrial fibrillation.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2024Article
- Healthcare resources and costs associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in Spain: apixaban versus acenocoumarol.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2023Observational
- Heart-Brain 346-7 Score: the development and validation of a simple mortality prediction score for carbon monoxide poisoning utilizing deep learning.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Utility of HAS-BLED and CHAMayo Clinic proceedings · 2020Article
- High Mortality Rates Among Patients With Non-Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Atrial Fibrillation on Antithrombotic Therapy Are Independent of the Presence of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Insights From a Population-Based Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Oral Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation: Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Health Application to Support Shared Decision-Making.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2018Article
- Re-initiation of dabigatran and direct factor Xa antagonists after a major bleed.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2016Review
- Re-Initiation of Dabigatran and Direct Factor Xa Antagonists After a Major Bleed.The American journal of medicine · 2016Review
- Can We Predict Individual Combined Benefit and Harm of Therapy? Warfarin Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation as a Test Case.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke prevention is central to the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). As effective stroke prophylaxis essentially requires oral anticoagulants, an understanding of the risks and benefits of oral anticoagulant therapy is needed. Although AF increases stroke risk 5-fold, this risk is not homogeneous. Many stroke risk factors also confer an increased risk of bleeding. Various stroke and bleeding risk-stratification schemes have been developed to help inform clinical decision-making. These scores were derived and validated in different study cohorts, ranging from highly selected clinical-trial cohorts to real-world populations. Thus, their performance and classification accuracy vary depending on their derivation cohort(s). In the present review, we provide an overview of currently available stroke and bleeding risk-stratification schemes. We particularly focus on the CHA2 DS2 -VASc and HAS-BLED schemes, as these are recommended by the latest European guidelines on AF management. Other risk-stratification schemes (eg, CHADS2 , R2 CHADS2 , ATRIA, HEMORR2 HAGES, QStroke) and their place in the decision-making are also considered.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.