Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25168034›Full record

Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2015

Randomized trial of nicotine lozenges and phone counseling for smokeless tobacco cessation.

Herbert H Severson, Brian G Danaher, Jon O Ebbert, Nora van Meter, Edward Lichtenstein, Chris Widdop, Ryann Crowley, Laura Akers, John R Seeley

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01341938 (Nicotine Lozenges and Assisted Self-help for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01341938 nacompletednot on this map

Nicotine Lozenges and Assisted Self-help for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation

TypeinterventionalSponsorOregon Research InstituteRan2011 to 2012Enrolled1,067ConditionsSmokeless Tobacco CessationArmsCommit® nicotine lozenges (4 mg) & self-help materials, Commit® nicotine lozenges (4 mg) & phone counseling & self-help materials, Phone counseling & self-help materials
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review.The Indian journal of medical research · 2018
    Pooled it
  5. Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015
    Pooled it
  6. Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Is Associated With Lozenge Use But Not Quitting in Smokeless Tobacco Users.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016
    Trial
  7. Review
  8. Review of the role of cigarette smoking in diabetic foot.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2019
    Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Herbert H SeversonOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR; herb@ori.org.
Brian G DanaherOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;
Jon O EbbertMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Nora van MeterOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;
Edward LichtensteinOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;
Chris WiddopOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;
Ryann CrowleyOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;
Laura AkersOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;
John R SeeleyOregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR;

Funding

Nicotine Lozenges and Assisted Self-help for Smokeless Tobacco CessationR01CA142952 · NCI · OREGON RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SEVERSON, HERBERT H · 2010 to 2013
$2.4M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA142952NCI NIH HHS R01-CA142952
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRelatively few treatment programs have been developed specifically for smokeless tobacco (ST) users who want to quit. Their results suggest that self-help materials, telephone counseling, and nicotine lozenges are efficacious. This study provides the first direct examination of the separate and combined effects of telephone counseling and lozenges.

methodsWe recruited ST users online (N = 1067) and randomly assigned them to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a lozenge group (n = 356), who were mailed 4-mg nicotine lozenges; (b) a coach calls group (n = 354), who were offered 3 coaching phone calls; or (c) a lozenge + coach calls group (N = 357), who received both lozenges and coaching calls. Additionally, all participants were mailed self-help materials. Self-reported tobacco abstinence was assessed at 3 and 6 months after randomization.

resultsComplete-case and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses for all tobacco abstinence were performed at 3 months, 6 months, and both 3 and 6 months (repeated point prevalence). ITT analyses revealed a highly similar result: the lozenge + coach calls condition was significantly more successful in encouraging tobacco abstinence than either the lozenge group or the coach calls group, which did not differ.

conclusionsCombining nicotine lozenges and phone counseling significantly increased tobacco abstinence rates compared with either intervention alone, whereas coach calls and lozenges were equivalent. The study confirms the high tobacco abstinence rates for self-help ST cessation interventions and offers guidance to providing tobacco treatment to ST users.

Indexed as

TelephoneTobacco, SmokelessTobacco Use Cessation DevicesAdultCounselingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNicotineTobacco Use CessationTobacco Use DisorderYoung AdultNicotine

Identifiers

PMID25168034
PMCPMC4837991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.